D\u00fcnyada ilk sirk, emekli s\u00fcvari binba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 Philiph Astley taraf\u0131ndan 1769 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere Londra’da a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Astley, bir sirk kurmay\u0131 uzun zamand\u0131r planl\u0131yordu ama, bu i\u015f i\u00e7in yeterli paras\u0131 yoktu. Bir g\u00fcn, Westminster K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fcn \u00fczerinde bir elmas y\u00fcz\u00fck buldu. Y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 60 pounda satarak, eline ge\u00e7en parayla Lambeth’te at\u0131yla numaralar yapabilece\u011fi bir yer a\u00e7t\u0131. Giri\u015fte, izleyicilerden herhangi bir \u00fccret al\u0131nm\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Ama, o d\u00f6nemde t\u00fcm g\u00f6sterilerde oldu\u011fu gibi, program bittikten sonra seyirciler, i\u00e7lerinden gelen bah\u015fi\u015fi veriyorlard\u0131. Astley, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 numaralarla o denli b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc ki, ertesi y\u0131l Westminster K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yer bulmak zorunda kald\u0131. Yeni yerinde, Astley baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler de yapt\u0131. \u00d6nce, g\u00f6sterilerini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin \u00e7evresine k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir kordon gerdirdi. Sonra onun etraf\u0131na daire \u015feklinde iskemleler yerle\u015ftirdi. Ayr\u0131ca, programa renk katmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir de baterist tuttu. Bateristin g\u00f6revi, Astley’e numaralar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda e\u015flik etmekti. Bu de\u011fi\u015fik “g\u00f6steri yeri”nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelli\u011fi ise, i\u00e7eri girerken seyircilerden belli bir \u00fccret al\u0131nmas\u0131yd\u0131. Tabii, ayakta durmay\u0131 tercih edenlerden daha az: \u00fccret al\u0131n\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Daha sonra, bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz anlamda modern bir sirk olu\u015fturabilmek i\u00e7in yan\u0131na baz\u0131 yeni elemanlar ald\u0131. Astley, daha sonra ip \u00fcst\u00fcnde baz\u0131 numaralar yapan bir grup akrobatla anla\u015ft\u0131. Ama kadronun as\u0131l y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131, son derece iyi e\u011fitilmi\u015f bir atla, Griffin, Jones ve Miller adl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 biniciydi. Her \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc de, d\u00f6neminin en iyi binicisi olarak kabul edilen Astley yeti\u015ftirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
1786 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Astley’in sirkine bir de maymun kat\u0131ld\u0131. “General Jackoo” adl\u0131 maymun, ordu i\u00e7inde yeti\u015fmi\u015fti ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 numaralarla izleyicileri k\u0131r\u0131p ge\u00e7iriyordu. 1816 y\u0131l\u0131nda “Baba” ve “Kiouny” adl\u0131 iki fil de, Astley taraf\u0131ndan “ke\u015ffedildi”. Filler, hortumlar\u0131yla havaya at\u0131lan bir elmay\u0131 yakalay\u0131p yiyorlar, yine hortumlar\u0131yla, kapal\u0131 bir \u015fi\u015fenin t\u0131pas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arak i\u00e7indeki s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 i\u00e7iyorlard\u0131. 1832 y\u0131l\u0131nda Astley, bir aslan, bir kaplan ve d\u00f6rt tane de zebra ald\u0131. Ancak, bu hayvanlar herhangi bir numara yapm\u0131yorlar, sadece merakl\u0131 izleyicilere g\u00f6steriliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Astley’in sirkinde, vah\u015fi hayvanlarla ilk g\u00f6steri ise 1838 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131. “Canavar Terbiyecisi Morok” ad\u0131yla \u00fcnlenen Amerikal\u0131 Von Amburgh, aslanlar, kaplanlar ve leoparlardan olu\u015fan bir grup “canavar”la sahneye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Astley’in denemesinden sonra, d\u00fcnyadaki sirklerin say\u0131s\u0131 h\u0131zla artt\u0131. 1780 y\u0131l\u0131nda Juan Porte adl\u0131 bir \u0130spanyol, Viyana’da K\u0131ta Avrupas\u0131’n\u0131n ilk sirkini a\u00e7t\u0131. \u0130ki y\u0131l sonra, bizzat Astley, Parislilere sirki tan\u0131tt\u0131. 1792 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ABD’nin Philadelphia kentinde bir sirk a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve bu sirk, bizzat Ba\u015fkan taraf\u0131ndan da ziyaret edildi. 1793 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Rusya’da da bir sirk kuruldu. Avrupa’da a\u00e7\u0131lan 19 sirke \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131larda bulunan Philiph Astley’in kendi sirki ise, Westminster K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fcn g\u00fcneyinde, 1893 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar faaliyetini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D\u00fcnyada ilk sirk, emekli s\u00fcvari binba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 Philiph Astley taraf\u0131ndan 1769 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere Londra’da a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Astley, bir sirk kurmay\u0131 uzun zamand\u0131r planl\u0131yordu ama, bu i\u015f i\u00e7in yeterli paras\u0131 yoktu. Bir g\u00fcn,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10512,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[1166],"class_list":["post-367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eglence","tag-sirk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/367"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=367"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/367\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10513,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/367\/revisions\/10513"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=367"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=367"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}