{"id":3682,"date":"2015-03-17T04:56:38","date_gmt":"2015-03-17T02:56:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3682"},"modified":"2018-09-28T02:36:54","modified_gmt":"2018-09-28T00:36:54","slug":"sayilari-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3682","title":{"rendered":"Say\u0131lar\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Say\u0131lar, saymada ve \u00f6l\u00e7mede kullan\u0131lan i\u015faretlerdir. Say\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fabilen b\u00e2z\u0131 bilgiler M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lardan ve Babillilerden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar say\u0131larla yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015flemleri ta\u015f ve papir\u00fcs, Babilliler ise kil plaklar \u00fczerine kay\u0131t ettiklerinden\u00a0dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, say\u0131lar\u0131 hiyeroglif denilen resimlerle g\u00f6steriyorlard\u0131. Bu g\u00f6steri\u015f \u015feklinden dolay\u0131 hem b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0say\u0131lar\u0131 yazmak \u00e7ok zor, hem de i\u015flem yapmaya m\u00fcsait de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra say\u0131lara Yunanl\u0131larda rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Euclid (Oklid) taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan\u00a0Elemanlar kitab\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Yunanl\u0131lar, say\u0131lara M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ve Babillilerden farkl\u0131 yeni bir \u015fey\u00a0ekleyememi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Roma Say\u0131 Sistemi<\/h2>\n

Romal\u0131lar, Roma rakamlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyarak ve \u00e7\u0131karma metodunu kullanarak\u00a0say\u0131lar\u0131 biraz daha basit yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.\u00a0Bunlar \u015fu \u015fekilde if\u00e2de ediliyordu:<\/p>\n

I (1), II (2), III (3), IV (4), V (5), VI (6), VII (7), VIII (8), IX (9), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), M (1000).<\/p>\n

M.S. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n karanl\u0131k bir devre girmesiyle, bu sahada yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da kaybolup\u00a0gitmi\u015ftir. \u00a0Avrupa bu durumdayken\u00a0say\u0131lar ve say\u0131 sistemleri en b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmesini, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Araplar zam\u00e2n\u0131nda g\u00f6sterdi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde\u00a0kullan\u0131lan rakamlar, Araplardan al\u0131nmad\u0131r. Bu rakamlarla d\u00f6rt i\u015flem yapmak kolayd\u0131r. Roma\u00a0rakamlar\u0131yla pratik bir i\u015flem yapmak imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n Bulunu\u015fu<\/h2>\n

780-850 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan M\u00fbs\u00e2 el-H\u00e2rizm\u00ee<\/a>\u00a0 rakamlara \u201c0\u201d (s\u0131f\u0131r) il\u00e2ve ederek bug\u00fcn\u00a0 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z say\u0131lar\u0131 meydana getirmi\u015ftir. Kitab el-Cebr ve\u2019l-Muk\u00e2bele adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda en son say\u0131\u00a0sistemlerini ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Evet, s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n bulunu\u015fu matematikte yeni bir devir a\u00e7\u0131yordu. \u0130\u015fte cebir ve geometrinin birden bire\u00a0parlamas\u0131 bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bilim adam\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131 bulmas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. Art\u0131k cebirin kullan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 trigonometri,\u00a0dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sin\u00fcs, kosin\u00fcs, tanjant ve kotanjant gibi ke\u015fifler t\u00e2kip etti. \u0130kinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceden\u00a0denklemler \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu \u015fekildeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, d\u00fcny\u00e2 medeniyetinin temelini atarken,\u00a0astronomi, kimy\u00e2 ve fizik gibi ilimlerin de geli\u015fmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Akdeniz alan\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0hesaplanmas\u0131nda, d\u00fcny\u00e2 \u00e7evresinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesinde, k\u0131ble t\u00e2yininde, ramazanda da hil\u00e2lin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde\u00a0ve takvimlerin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyordu. Bu bak\u0131mdan bilhassa matematik\u00a0M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda ilk \u00f6\u011frenilen ilim dallar\u0131 aras\u0131na girdi.<\/p>\n

Tam say\u0131lar<\/h2>\n

Birden ba\u015flay\u0131p sonsuza kadar uzanan tam say\u0131lara pozitif tam say\u0131lar, -1\u2019den ba\u015flay\u0131p\u00a0sonsuza kadar uzanan tam say\u0131lara negatif tam say\u0131lar denir. Pozitif tam say\u0131lar ve negatif tam\u00a0say\u0131lara s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131 il\u00e2ve edersek tam say\u0131lar meydana gelir. Bu say\u0131lar\u0131n meydana getirdi\u011fi k\u00fcmeye tam\u00a0say\u0131lar k\u00fcmesi denir.\u00a0Z= {…. -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…} \u015feklinde g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Say\u0131lar, saymada ve \u00f6l\u00e7mede kullan\u0131lan i\u015faretlerdir. Say\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fabilen b\u00e2z\u0131 bilgiler M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lardan ve Babillilerden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar say\u0131larla yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015flemleri ta\u015f ve papir\u00fcs, Babilliler ise kil plaklar \u00fczerine kay\u0131t ettiklerinden\u00a0dayan\u0131kl\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10112,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,14],"tags":[1492,1637,1638,1211,1210,1208],"class_list":["post-3682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","category-egitim","tag-harezmi","tag-rakamlar","tag-sayi","tag-sayi-sistemi","tag-sayilar","tag-sifir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3682"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3682"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12057,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3682\/revisions\/12057"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10112"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}