{"id":3714,"date":"2012-02-18T05:25:37","date_gmt":"2012-02-18T03:25:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3714"},"modified":"2016-12-25T23:21:34","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T21:21:34","slug":"porseleni-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3714","title":{"rendered":"Porselen’i kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Porselen kaolen, kuvartz, feldspat ve beyazpi\u015fen kil harman\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen, s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 ge\u00e7irmeyen, yar\u0131 saydam, genel olarak beyaz renkte, vitrala\u015fm\u0131\u015f seramik mam\u00fcllere denir. Seramik tarih\u00e7esi incelendi\u011finde, birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve farkl\u0131 olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f iki ayr\u0131 seramik b\u00f6lgesi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Birincisi G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da, 8 ve 13. as\u0131rlarda geli\u015fmi\u015f Pers \u00c7inisi<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen yumu\u015fak (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck derecede pi\u015fmi\u015f) seramik olup, Kuzey Afrika\u2019dan \u0130berik Yar\u0131madas\u0131na oradan da \u0130talya ve Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pers \u00c7inisi ad\u0131 verilen bu yumu\u015fak pi\u015fmi\u015f seramik, Avrupa serami\u011finin temelini te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Di\u011feri, sert (y\u00fcksek derecede pi\u015fmi\u015f) seramik olup, Tang ve Sung (8 ve 13. as\u0131r) devirlerinde \u00c7in\u2019de geli\u015fmi\u015f, oradan Japonya\u2019ya ve daha sonra da, Avrupa\u2019ya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu sert pi\u015fmi\u015f seramik, Avrupa\u2019da porselen ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> Hammadde olarak \u00c7inliler Tun ve Petuntse ad\u0131 verdikleri feldspat, kuvartz ve ince taneli mika ihtiva eden bir ta\u015f ile paingo, pai-tu veya ngo-tu ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri beyaz plastik bir toprak kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hamur istenilen plastikli\u011fe eri\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in, uzun bir s\u00fcre\u00a0 dinlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bir raporda hamurun 10 sene bekletildi\u011fi ifade edilmektedir. S\u0131r, de\u011fi\u015fen saydaml\u0131kta birka\u00e7 tabaka olarak tatbik
\nedilmi\u015ftir. Bu ise \u00c7in porseleninin mat-parlak karekterini meydana getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yumu\u015fak Proselen<\/h2>\n

Beyaz veya fildi\u015fi renginde, saydam s\u0131rl\u0131 ve ince yap\u0131l\u0131 porselendir. Kaolin, plastik kil, kuvartz ve feldispattan yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7ift pi\u015firmeyle elde edilir. \u0130lk bisk\u00fcvi pi\u015firimi 840-930\u00b0C\u2019de olur. S\u0131r pi\u015firimiyse 1250-1325\u00b0C\u2019de yap\u0131l\u0131r. Yumu\u015fak porselenin bile\u015fiminde % 35 kaolin, % 25 kuartz ve % 40 feldispat bulunur. Nisbeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta pi\u015firilen yumu\u015fak porselen kolayl\u0131kla s\u00fcslenebilir.<\/p>\n

Sert porselen<\/h2>\n

Y\u00fcksek mukavemetli, sert, saydam, beyaz ve tam manas\u0131yla peki\u015fmi\u015f bir porselendir. Bisk\u00fcvi pi\u015firimi 800-900\u00b0C\u2019de, s\u0131r pi\u015firimi 1400-1450\u00b0C\u2019de yap\u0131l\u0131r. Saf kuvartz (% 25), feldispat (% 25) ve y\u00fcksek kalite y\u0131kanm\u0131\u015f kaolinden (% 50) imal edilir. \u00dcnl\u00fc \u00c7in, Japon ve Frans\u0131z porselenleri sert porselen t\u00fcr\u00fcndendir. \u0130lkel maddeler su alt\u0131nda \u00e7ok ince toz haline getirilir. Bu suretle elde edilen ak\u0131c\u0131 ve homogen hamur k\u0131smen kurutulduktan sonra, olgunla\u015fmaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r ve nihayet ya tornada, yahut da kal\u0131plama s\u00fbretiyle \u015fekillendirilir. Bu son \u015f\u0131kta, su ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan hamur, g\u00f6zenekli kilden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kal\u0131ba sokulur ve suyun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 emilerek, geriye kalan \u00e7amur kal\u0131b\u0131n \u015feklini al\u0131r. Bu k\u0131s\u0131m, kurutulduktan sonra \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r ve pi\u015firilir. Bu ham \u00fcr\u00fcn hen\u00fcz g\u00f6zenekli oldu\u011fundan, feldispat s\u00fct\u00fcne dald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, 1450\u00b0C\u2019de pi\u015firilmek s\u00fbretiyle s\u0131rlan\u0131r. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn dekorasyonu ya ikinci pi\u015firmeden evvel, yani 1450\u00b0\u2019ye dayanan kobalt, krom, titan oksitleriyle veya ikinci pi\u015firmeden sonra, mesela 800\u00b0C\u2019de \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan di\u011fer baz\u0131 renklerle sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn porselen kelimesi \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir yap\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine almaktad\u0131r. Porselenin, mukavemet, \u0131s\u0131ya mukavemet (refrakterlik), elektriki izolasyon gibi teknik \u00f6zellikleri anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, bu \u00f6zellikleri geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f, kimyevi, end\u00fcstriyel, elektriki ve mutfak e\u015fyas\u0131 ama\u00e7lar\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan \u00f6zel yap\u0131lar meydana getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu bak\u0131mdan bug\u00fcn porselen imalat\u0131nda esas gaye g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131p, parlakl\u0131k, beyazl\u0131k ve yar\u0131saydaml\u0131k gibi \u00f6zellikler ihmal edilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Porselen kaolen, kuvartz, feldspat ve beyazpi\u015fen kil harman\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen, s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 ge\u00e7irmeyen, yar\u0131 saydam, genel olarak beyaz renkte, vitrala\u015fm\u0131\u015f seramik mam\u00fcllere denir. Seramik tarih\u00e7esi incelendi\u011finde, birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve farkl\u0131 olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[1592,1466],"class_list":["post-3714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ev","tag-porselen","tag-seramik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3714"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3714"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7083,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3714\/revisions\/7083"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}