\u0130hr\u00e2cat i\u00e7in\u00a0yat\u0131r\u0131m ve \u00fcretimi artt\u0131rmak, yabanc\u0131 serm\u00e2ye ve teknoloji giri\u015fini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak, ekonominin girdi\u00a0ihtiy\u00e2c\u0131n\u0131 ucuz ve d\u00fczenli bi\u00e7imde kar\u015f\u0131lamak, d\u0131\u015f finansman ve tic\u00e2ret imk\u00e2nlar\u0131ndan daha \u00e7ok
\nfaydalanmak \u00fczere k\u00e2nunla belirlenen ve g\u00fcmr\u00fck hatt\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lan b\u00f6lge.<\/p>\n
\u201cSerbest b\u00f6lge\u201d \u00eel\u00e2n edilen ve milletleraras\u0131 tic\u00e2rete a\u00e7\u0131lan b\u00f6lgede s\u00e2dece m\u00e2l\u00ee mevzuat (vergi, te\u015fvik
\nvb.) tam\u00e2men veya k\u0131smen uygulanmaz. Di\u011fer yasalar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan serbest b\u00f6lge \u00fclkenin siyasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131
\ni\u00e7indedir. Uygulamada yayg\u0131n olan serbest b\u00f6lgelerin serbest tic\u00e2ret merkezi durumunda olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.
\nBir\u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkede, b\u00e2z\u0131 liman \u015fehirlerinin h\u0131zla geli\u015fmesinde, serbest b\u00f6lge olmalar\u0131 birinci
\nderecede rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. New York, San Fransisko, Hamburg, Kopenhag, Marsilya ve Hong Kong
\nb\u00f6yle \u015fehirlerdir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk uygulanan \u015fekliyle olduk\u00e7a eski bir t\u00e2rihi olan serbest b\u00f6lgelerin, modern anlam\u0131yla ilk uygulamas\u0131
\n16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019da ba\u015flad\u0131. On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda Amerika\u2019ya, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Hong Kong\u2019daki
\nuygulamas\u0131yla Uzak Do\u011fuya yans\u0131d\u0131. Fakat serbest b\u00f6lgelerin b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcny\u00e2ya yay\u0131lmas\u0131 1930\u2019larda
\noldu.<\/p>\n
B\u00e2z\u0131 \u00fclkeler 1929 d\u00fcny\u00e2 ekonomik bunal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kendi \u00fczerlerindeki etkilerini azaltmak ve tic\u00e2r\u00ee
\nb\u00f6lgelerine mal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in serbest b\u00f6lgeler kurdular. Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclke
\nekonomilerinde 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda ba\u015flayan ithal a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 politikalar\u0131n 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda darbo\u011fazlara yol
\na\u00e7mas\u0131 \u00fczerine IMF ve D\u00fcny\u00e2 Bankas\u0131 gibi milletleraras\u0131 kurulu\u015flar, bu \u00fclkelere ihr\u00e2c\u00e2ta dayal\u0131
\nsan\u00e2yile\u015fme stratejilerini uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye etti. IMFve D\u00fcny\u00e2 Bankas\u0131n\u0131n, bu giri\u015fimleri tavsiye
\nyan\u0131nda, pl\u00e2nlama, tesis ve i\u015fletme a\u015famalar\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmetiyle finansal ve teknolojik destek
\nsa\u011flamas\u0131, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde \u00f6zellikle \u00fcretim serbest b\u00f6lgelerinin artmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furdu
\nve d\u00fcny\u00e2da 1970\u2019te 131 olan serbest b\u00f6lge say\u0131s\u0131 1991\u2019de 500\u2019\u00fc a\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Serbest b\u00f6lgeler t\u00fcrleri \u00eetib\u00e2riyle; Serbest Tic\u00e2ret B\u00f6lgesi (Free TradeZone), Serbest Liman (Free
\nPort), \u0130hr\u00e2c\u00e2ta Y\u00f6nelik \u00dcretim Serbest B\u00f6lgesi (Free Production Zone veya Export Processing Zone),
\nSerbest \u00c7evre (Free Perimeter), Serbest Depo (FreeDeposit), Antrepo (Entropot), G\u00fcmr\u00fck Antreposu
\n(Bonded Warehouse) ve Serbest Bankac\u0131l\u0131k B\u00f6lgesi (Free Banking Zone) olarak ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130hr\u00e2cat i\u00e7in\u00a0yat\u0131r\u0131m ve \u00fcretimi artt\u0131rmak, yabanc\u0131 serm\u00e2ye ve teknoloji giri\u015fini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak, ekonominin girdi\u00a0ihtiy\u00e2c\u0131n\u0131 ucuz ve d\u00fczenli bi\u00e7imde kar\u015f\u0131lamak, d\u0131\u015f finansman ve tic\u00e2ret imk\u00e2nlar\u0131ndan daha \u00e7ok faydalanmak \u00fczere k\u00e2nunla belirlenen ve…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317],"tags":[2203],"class_list":["post-3718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-is-dunyasi","tag-serbest-bolge"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3718"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3718"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7268,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3718\/revisions\/7268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}