S\u0131tma, hastal\u0131k yap\u0131c\u0131 bir grup parazit olan plazmodiumlar\u0131n, anofel sivrisineklerinin di\u015fileriyle insanlara bula\u015fan, ate\u015fli bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n en bariz belirtisi olan, titremeyle y\u00fckselen ate\u015f plazmodiumun \u00e7e\u015fidine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fik aral\u0131klarla olur. Te\u015fhisi kolay, tedavisi ve korunmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan s\u0131tma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok eski zamanlardan beri bilinmektedir. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk defa bildirenler Eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lard\u0131r. M.\u00d6. 460-370 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Hippocrates de batakl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerde, tekrarlayan ate\u015f ve dalak b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle seyreden bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark etmi\u015f ve d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 \u015fekilde olabilece\u011fini bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Torti (1753), ate\u015fli hastal\u0131klar i\u00e7in yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kitab\u0131nda ilk defa \u201cMalaria\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak di\u011fer hastal\u0131klardan ayr\u0131 olarak ele ald\u0131. 1894\u2019te Manson, s\u0131tman\u0131n sivrisineklerle bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldu. Eski\u00e7a\u011flarda kitleler halinde \u00f6l\u00fcme sebep olan s\u0131tma, bug\u00fcn de bu tehlikesini muhafaza etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Rusya\u2019da Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra be\u015f milyon s\u0131tmal\u0131 vard\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n 60.000\u2019i \u00f6ld\u00fc. 1934\u2019te Seylan\u2019da \u00fc\u00e7 milyon s\u0131tmal\u0131n\u0131n 100.000\u2019i hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Amerika\u2019da ilk salg\u0131n 1938\u2019de Brezilya\u2019da vuk\u00fb buldu ve 100.000 hastan\u0131n 14.000\u2019i \u00f6ld\u00fc. Salg\u0131n, 1942\u2019de Nil Vadisine kayd\u0131 ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da 12.000 ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Daha sonra Etyopya\u2019da 15.000 \u00f6l\u00fc b\u0131rakt\u0131. Sava\u015flar\u0131 ve do\u011fal afetleri takiben Karayiblerde b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar yapan salg\u0131n, 1963\u2019te Haiti\u2019de 75.000 ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sebep oldu. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde belirli b\u00f6lgelerde s\u0131k bulunan hastal\u0131k 45 derece kuzey, 40 derece g\u00fcney enlemleri aras\u0131nda fazlad\u0131r. Tropik ve subtropik b\u00f6lgelerin hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Afrika\u2019da \u00f6len her y\u00fcz \u00e7ocuktan onunun sebebi olan s\u0131tma, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de \u00f6nemli bir sa\u011fl\u0131k problemi olup, devaml\u0131 m\u00fccadele edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Plazmodiler amipe benzeyen, mikroskopta g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen tek h\u00fccreli parazitlerdir. \u00c7o\u011falmalar\u0131 iki safhada olur. Birincisi, cinsi \u00fcreme safhas\u0131d\u0131r ve sivrisineklerde olu\u015fur. \u0130kincisi, cinsi olmayan \u00e7o\u011falma safhas\u0131d\u0131r ki, insan alyuvarlar\u0131nda olur. Enfeksiyonun kayna\u011f\u0131 genellikle hasta bir \u015fah\u0131s veya belirtisiz bir ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131tma, sivrisineklerle bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, hastal\u0131kl\u0131 kan nakilleriyle veya bula\u015f\u0131k \u015f\u0131r\u0131ngalarla da ge\u00e7ebilir.<\/p>\n
S\u0131tmayla m\u00fccadelede en \u00f6nemli hususlardan birisi sivrisineklerle m\u00fccadeledir. Bunun i\u00e7in de en k\u0131ymetli yol anofel t\u00fcrlerini yok etmektir. Bu hususta d\u00fcnyada geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yirminci asr\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda K\u00fcba ve Panama b\u00f6lgesinde ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu\u00a0 k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc kaz\u0131ma neticesinde K\u00fcba\u2019da 1899\u2019da binde 999 olan hasta oran\u0131 1908\u2019de binde 19\u2019a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1939\u2019da DDT\u2019nin kullan\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flanmas\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 daha da artt\u0131rd\u0131. 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k Te\u015fkilat\u0131 s\u0131tma eradikasyonunu geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 olarak ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u0131tma, hastal\u0131k yap\u0131c\u0131 bir grup parazit olan plazmodiumlar\u0131n, anofel sivrisineklerinin di\u015fileriyle insanlara bula\u015fan, ate\u015fli bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n en bariz belirtisi olan, titremeyle y\u00fckselen ate\u015f plazmodiumun \u00e7e\u015fidine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fik aral\u0131klarla olur….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[1650,1651,1652],"class_list":["post-3728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saglik","tag-sitma","tag-sitma-hastaligi","tag-sitma-mikrobu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3728"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3728"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3728\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7555,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3728\/revisions\/7555"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3728"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}