{"id":3739,"date":"2012-03-14T05:45:14","date_gmt":"2012-03-14T03:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3739"},"modified":"2016-12-25T15:16:04","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T13:16:04","slug":"siklotronu-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3739","title":{"rendered":"Siklotron’u kim buldu, kim icat etti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Siklotron, helyum \u00e7ekirde\u011fi veya proton gibi a\u011f\u0131rca y\u00fckl\u00fc tanecikleri, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck gerilimler gerektirmeden y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlara \u00e7\u0131karmakta kullan\u0131lan, manyetik rezonansl\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 cihazd\u0131r. 1931\u2019de Ernest O. Lawrence<\/strong> ve Livingston<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu cihaz sayesinde h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lan y\u00fcksek enerjili tanecikler, atom \u00e7ekirde\u011fini par\u00e7alayarak yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 incelemek veya de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Siklotronda D harfine benzedikleri i\u00e7in \u201cde\u201d denilen iki elektrod bulunur. Bunlar bir \u00e7ap\u0131 boyunca ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f yass\u0131 bir silindirik kutunun iki par\u00e7as\u0131 \u015feklindedirler. Birka\u00e7 metre \u00e7ap\u0131nda olan bu elektrotlar havas\u0131 bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bir d\u0131\u015f kab\u0131n i\u00e7inde birbirinden tamamen yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir halde bulunurlar. B\u00fct\u00fcn sistem \u015fiddetli bir manyetik alan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunacak \u015fekilde, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir\u00a0 elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n kutuplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

De elektrotlar\u0131na, bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flukta h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fen bir alan meydana getirecek \u015fekilde, y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fken gerilim uygulan\u0131r. Elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n meydana getirdi\u011fi manyetik alan bu elektrik alan\u0131na diktir. H\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lacak olan y\u00fckl\u00fc tanecikler \u201cde\u201dler aras\u0131nda siklotron aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Aral\u0131ktaki elektrik\u00ee alan, taneci\u011fi h\u0131zland\u0131rarak \u201cde\u201dlerden birine do\u011fru f\u0131rlat\u0131r. \u201cde\u201dye belirli bir h\u0131zla, manyetik alana dik olarak giren tanecik \u201cde\u201dnin i\u00e7inde dairev\u00ee bir y\u00f6r\u00fcnge takip eder ve d\u00f6n\u00fcp tekrar aral\u0131\u011fa gelir. Tanecik tam aral\u0131\u011fa geldi\u011fi anda \u201cde\u201dler aras\u0131ndaki elektrik\u00ee alan y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirecek olursa, hareket y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uygulanan ikinci bir itme dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yeniden h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece tanecik yar\u0131m daire \u00e7izip aral\u0131\u011fa her geli\u015finde elektrik\u00ee alan\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek yeni bir itmeye tabi tutulursa gittik\u00e7e daha fazla h\u0131z kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ap\u0131 birka\u00e7 metre olan siklotronlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu durumda d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir manyetik alan elde etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan, elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s da uygun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 binlerce tonu bulan b\u00f6yle bir cihazla, tanecikler kullanarak 100 MeV (milyon elektron volt) dolaylar\u0131nda enerji elde etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Siklotron, helyum \u00e7ekirde\u011fi veya proton gibi a\u011f\u0131rca y\u00fckl\u00fc tanecikleri, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck gerilimler gerektirmeden y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlara \u00e7\u0131karmakta kullan\u0131lan, manyetik rezonansl\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 cihazd\u0131r. 1931\u2019de Ernest O. Lawrence ve Livingston taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[1729,1730,1728],"class_list":["post-3739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-ernest-o-lawrence","tag-livingston","tag-siklotron"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3739"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3739"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3739\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6602,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3739\/revisions\/6602"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3739"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3739"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3739"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}