\u0130nsanlar sava\u015fmak ve avlanmak i\u00e7in kendi organlar\u0131n\u0131 yeterli g\u00f6rmeyip, ilk zamanlardan beri yard\u0131mc\u0131 aletler kulland\u0131. Kesici, vurucu, neticede \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde tahrip edici \u00f6zellikleri olan ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerinde de\u011fi\u015fik isim ve tipleri bulunan silahlar, basit \u015fekillerden ba\u015flayarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeler kaydetmi\u015ftir. Barutun icad\u0131yla ate\u015fli silahlar, teknolojik geli\u015fmelere paralel olarak kimyasal, biyolojik, meteorolojik, ak\u00fcstik, kozmik, n\u00fckleer ve so\u011fuk sava\u015f silahlar\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli boyutlar kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n
En basit ate\u015fsiz silah, ta\u015f ve sopad\u0131r. Tas ve sopa ilk insandan beri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk insanlar avlanmak ve kendilerini korumak i\u00e7in bu silahlar\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Zamanla silah\u0131n tahrip g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, keskin ve sivri u\u00e7lu aletler yap\u0131larak g\u00fcrz, b\u0131\u00e7ak, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, m\u0131zrak, karg\u0131, ok, cirit, bumerang, kalkan, z\u0131rh, manc\u0131n\u0131k, ko\u00e7ba\u015f\u0131, han\u00e7er, balta, kama ve bunlara benzer pek\u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitte silah geli\u015ftirildi. Bunlar\u0131n sava\u015fta en yayg\u0131n olan\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7t\u0131. Me\u00e7, \u015fim\u015fir, gaddare, yata\u011fan gibi \u00e7e\u015fitleri vard\u0131. Ate\u015fli silahlar\u0131n bulunu\u015funa kadar yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan di\u011fer bir silah oktu. Manc\u0131n\u0131k, g\u00fclleleri ve b\u00fcy\u00fck oklar\u0131 f\u0131rlatmaya yarayan bir aletten \u00e7ok bir mekanizmayd\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hala kullan\u0131lmakta olan kasatura, t\u00fcfe\u011fin ucuna tak\u0131lan d\u00fcrt\u00fcc\u00fc ve kesici ate\u015fsiz bir silaht\u0131r. Ko\u00e7ba\u015f\u0131, ucunda demir bir ko\u00e7ba\u015f\u0131 bulunan as\u0131l\u0131 bir kiri\u015ften ibarettir. Kale kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ate\u015fli silahlar\u0131n tarihi barutun bulunmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. \u00c7inliler taraf\u0131ndan bulunan barutun, Ortado\u011fu ve Avrupa\u2019ya ge\u00e7mesiyle ate\u015fli silahlarda da \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler oldu. Suriye\u2019den Bizans\u2019a ge\u00e7en bir ate\u015fli silah \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. \u00c7ok eskiden beri Asya\u2019da T\u00fcrkler ve \u00c7inliler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan barut sonradan roket, top ve t\u00fcfek gibi silahlarda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde bu t\u00fcr silahlarda b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeler kaydedildi. Kosova Meydan Muharebesinde ve \u00f6zellikle Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han taraf\u0131ndan, \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinde toptan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde\u00a0 faydalan\u0131ld\u0131. Yavuz Sultan Selim Han zaman\u0131nda, t\u00fcfek orduda yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Top namlular\u0131na ilk yivi veren de Yavuz Sultan Selim Hand\u0131r. O zamanlar top tekni\u011fi Avrupal\u0131lardan \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fc. Zamanla b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011frayan ate\u015fli silahlar, mermi veya roket atan tabanca, t\u00fcfek, top, havan gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli adlar alt\u0131nda, de\u011fi\u015fik vas\u0131flara sahip bir\u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlere ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n herbirinin kullan\u0131lma amac\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6zellikleri vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bunlar\u0131n makineli, yar\u0131 otomatik tipleri geli\u015fti.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc mermiler, deniz hedeflerine kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan torpidolar, \u00e7e\u015fitli tipteki bombalar, roketler ve may\u0131nlar da ate\u015fli silahlar grubuna dahil edilebilir. Kara, deniz ve hava birliklerince kullan\u0131lan bu silahlar\u0131n baz\u0131s\u0131 taarruz, baz\u0131s\u0131 savunma, baz\u0131s\u0131 da hem taarruz hem de savunma gayesi g\u00fcder. Mesela u\u00e7aklarda taarruz i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan makineli t\u00fcfek, top, roket, g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc mermi ve \u00e7e\u015fitli bombalar bulunabildi\u011fi gibi u\u00e7aklara kar\u015f\u0131 savunmada kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc u\u00e7aksavar silahlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Yine z\u0131rhl\u0131 bir sava\u015f arac\u0131 olan tankta kullan\u0131lan makineli t\u00fcfek, top, roket, alev makineleri, sis ve gaz makineleri yan\u0131nda tanklara kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan tanksavar toplar\u0131, roketleri, bombalar\u0131, f\u00fczeleri bu silahlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik gayelerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na misaldir.<\/p>\n
Kimyasal maddelerin yak\u0131c\u0131, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, tahrip edici ve sis halinde gizleme \u00f6zelli\u011finden faydalan\u0131lan silahlard\u0131r. U\u00e7aklardan\u00a0 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclerek, bombalarla, gaz havanlar\u0131yla vb. de\u011fi\u015fik yollarla havaya kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan sava\u015f gazlar\u0131, hedefteki canl\u0131larda \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ve benzeri tahribatlar yapar. Gizlemede kullan\u0131lan sis silahlar\u0131, zehirleyici bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen yang\u0131n maddeleri, yand\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nyerde zararlara yol a\u00e7ar. Bu maddelerin hedefe sa\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fik us\u00fbller kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 tahrip edici biyolojik maddelerdir. \u00c7ok tehlikeli bir silaht\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015fman m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131na at\u0131lan mikroplarla \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na dayanan bu silah\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 kolay, fakat kar\u015f\u0131 tedbirleri \u00e7ok zordur. Bu sebeple 1947\u2019de milletleraras\u0131 al\u0131nan bir kararla bu silahlar\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Atom \u00e7ekirde\u011finin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck atomlar\u0131n birle\u015fmesi neticesinde meydana gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck miktardaki enerjiden, faydalan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan atom ve hidrojen bombas\u0131 gibi silahlard\u0131r. Bu silahlar\u0131n yak\u0131c\u0131, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve radyasyon gibi d\u00f6rt t\u00fcrl\u00fc tesiri vard\u0131r. En \u00f6nemlisi radyasyondur. Alfa, beta, gamma radyasyonu olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcrl\u00fc olan bu tesirin en tehlikelisi ise gamma \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131d\u0131r. Patlama noktas\u0131ndan bir kilometre mesafede \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki mesafelerde ise \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klara sebep olur. Bu silahlar, u\u00e7aklar taraf\u0131ndan veya pilotsuz u\u00e7aklarla, n\u00fckleer ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 f\u00fczelerle ve n\u00fckleer toplarla at\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Her ne kadar bir silah olmamakla birlikte, \u00fczerlerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli silahlar ta\u015f\u0131yan ve birer sava\u015f arac\u0131 olan u\u00e7aklar\u0131, gemileri, denizalt\u0131lar\u0131, u\u00e7ak gemilerini, tanklar\u0131 da komplike ve dolayl\u0131 bir silah olarak kabul etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bar\u0131\u015f zamanlar\u0131nda politik ve istihbarat faaliyetleriyle k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyal yap\u0131 \u00fczerinde tahribat yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan usuller ve yap\u0131lan i\u015fler de bir silaht\u0131r. Savunmada\u00a0bir vas\u0131ta olarak kullan\u0131lan radar, sonar gibi sistemler, lazer ve uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131 da birer silah grubu te\u015fkil ederler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130nsanlar sava\u015fmak ve avlanmak i\u00e7in kendi organlar\u0131n\u0131 yeterli g\u00f6rmeyip, ilk zamanlardan beri yard\u0131mc\u0131 aletler kulland\u0131. Kesici, vurucu, neticede \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde tahrip edici \u00f6zellikleri olan ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerinde de\u011fi\u015fik isim…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10148,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[381,1593],"class_list":["post-3741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-askeri","tag-silah","tag-silahlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3741"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3741"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3741\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6430,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3741\/revisions\/6430"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}