{"id":3746,"date":"2012-02-19T01:30:37","date_gmt":"2012-02-18T23:30:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3746"},"modified":"2018-03-08T15:50:00","modified_gmt":"2018-03-08T13:50:00","slug":"sinemayi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3746","title":{"rendered":"Sinemay\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sinema, tam olmamakla beraber tiyatronun sahneden perdeye aksetmi\u015f \u015fekli olarak da tarif edilebilir. Sinema filmlerinin \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131labilmesi ve her yerde kolayl\u0131kla g\u00f6sterilebilmesi, b\u00fcy\u00fck halk kitlelerinin sinemadan etkilenmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur. Sinema k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve e\u011fitim alanlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kadar, e\u011flence ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc propaganda alan\u0131nda da geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. 1960\u2019larda televizyonun <\/a>d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla \u00f6nemini kaybeder olmu\u015fsa da, televizyonda da kendisine \u00f6nemli\u00a0 bir yer edinerek etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Sinema ilk olarak 1894 senesinde Thomas Edison<\/strong>\u2019un kinetoskop\u2019u geli\u015ftirmesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1895 senesinde ise Paris\u2019te Lumi\u00e9re<\/strong>\u2019nin sinematografi<\/strong>\u2019yi bulmas\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler daha tatminkar bir duruma girdi. Sineman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 esasen 1824 senesinde laboratuar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u015feklinde Londra\u2019da Peter Mark Roget<\/strong>\u2019in, \u00e7izgi resimlerin bir disk \u00fczerine yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, bunu 1860 senesinde foto\u011frafl\u0131 disk ve bunu da 1890 senesinde sel\u00fclozik film \u015feridi takip etmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk basit sinematoskopu 1861 senesinde Phladelphial\u0131 m\u00fchendis Coleman Sellers<\/strong> yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu makinay\u0131 Thomas Edison<\/strong> ve Thomas Armat<\/strong> geli\u015ftirdiler.<\/p>\n

Sineman\u0131n sanat ve ticaret ortam\u0131na giri\u015fi 1903 senesinde B\u00fcy\u00fck Soygun (The Great Train Robbery) filmiyle ba\u015flar. 1912 senesine kadar sessiz filmler\u2019le g\u00f6steri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu tarihten sonra film yan\u0131na bir de hareketlerle ahenkli sesler veren fonograf konulmu\u015ftur. 1923 senesinde sesin sel\u00fcloz film \u00fczerine kodlanm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde, resimlenmesinden sonra sesli filmler ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.1927 senesinde haz\u0131rlanan sesli The Jazz singer filmi sesli filme tam ge\u00e7i\u015f kabul edilir. 1935 senesinde ba\u015flayan renkli film \u00e7ekim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 1939 senesinde R\u00fczgarla Gitti (Gone with the wind) filmiyle ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu. Bu bulu\u015fu sinemaskop film tekni\u011finin bulunu\u015fu takip etti. 1952 senesinde \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu stereoskopik 3-D sinema tekni\u011fi pop\u00fcler oldu. Sinemaskop 55, M-G-M panavizyon gibi daha bir\u00e7ok teknik bulu\u015flarla, sinema tiyatro sahnesindeki canl\u0131l\u0131ktan ay\u0131rt edilemez duruma getirildi.<\/p>\n

Sinema filmi haz\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h2>\n

Sinema filminin haz\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ister. Filmin konusunu i\u00e7eren senaryo veya film yaz\u0131l\u0131 dok\u00fcman, filmin y\u00f6netmeni\u00a0 kontrol\u00fcnde haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. Senaryo daha sonra sahnelere ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Sahneler aras\u0131 kost\u00fcm, makyaj ve yan haz\u0131rl\u0131klarla ge\u00e7er. Sahnelerdeki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc se\u00e7imi direkt\u00f6re aittir. \u00c7ekimi yap\u0131lan sahnelerin birbiriyle \u00e7ok iyi uyum i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131 laz\u0131md\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc film seyredilirken k\u0131sa bir hikayeye benzer. Konular ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler aras\u0131nda kesikli\u011fi affetmez.<\/p>\n

Film \u00e7ekilirken sahnelerdeki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin seyirciyi, kendisine ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 \u015fekilde olmas\u0131 gerekir. Mesela d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f yapan iki akt\u00f6r\u00fcn uzaktan \u00e7ekilen filmi fazla ilgi uyand\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde yumruklar\u0131n \u015fekli, kafaya vurulan bir ta\u015f, burundan akan kan\u0131n \u00e7eneden s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, y\u0131rt\u0131lan elbisenin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri ger\u00e7ek bir kavga seyrediyormu\u015fcas\u0131na seyircinin nefesini kesebilir. Bu arada, ses, \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rler direkt\u00f6re yard\u0131mc\u0131 \u00f6nemli unsurlard\u0131r. Film seti sahnede seyirciye konuyla ilgili m\u00fcmk\u00fcn mertebe \u00e7ok bilgi verecek \u00f6zellikte haz\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sinemada bir ba\u015fka metod da \u00e7izgi film \u00e7ekimidir. \u00c7izgi film ilk olarak 1877 senesinde Frans\u0131z EmileReynaud ile ba\u015flar. 1906 senesinde ABD\u2019de yap\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flanan \u00e7izgi filmler b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeler kaydederek 1923 senesinde Hollywood\u2019da Walt Disney\u2019in \u00e7izgileriyle zirveye ula\u015ft\u0131. Komp\u00fcterin \u00e7izgi film tekni\u011fine girmesiyle kalitede s\u00fcratli art\u0131\u015f olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sinema makinas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/h2>\n

Sinema makinas\u0131 bir projeksiyon aleti olup, film kameras\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kaydedilen seri haldeki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri ekrana yans\u0131t\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler g\u00f6z\u00fcn fark edemiyece\u011fi h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in, ekrandaki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc hareketli zannedilir. Bu hadise g\u00fcne\u015fe \u00e7ok az bak\u0131p g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kapatan bir ki\u015finin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde, bir m\u00fcddet karart\u0131 izinin devam etmesi esas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Sinema makinas\u0131n\u0131n prensip olarak \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00fcreten bir lambas\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yans\u0131tan reflekt\u00f6r\u00fc, film \u015feridini belli bir h\u0131zla hareket ettiren mekanizma, film h\u0131z\u0131 ile koordineli olarak \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesip tekrar a\u00e7an, d\u00f6ner diyafram mekanizmas\u0131 ve mercekleri vard\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n kesilip a\u00e7\u0131lma say\u0131s\u0131 saniyede 24 veya 48 adettir. 48 say\u0131s\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k titre\u015fimini azaltmak i\u00e7indir.<\/p>\n

Filme ses, foto\u011fraf tekni\u011fiyle kaydedilir. Ses mod\u00fcle edilmi\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131k haline \u00e7evrilerek film \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Mod\u00fclasyon i\u015flemi,\u00a0 mikrofondan gelen ses titre\u015fimlerinin y\u00fckseltilerek, hassas bir galvanometrenin manyetik saha i\u00e7inde as\u0131l\u0131 duran bobinine tatbik edilir. Galvanometre aynas\u0131 bu bobine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bobin titre\u015fimleri, aynaya g\u00f6nderilen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde titre\u015ftirir. Bu titre\u015fimli ince \u0131\u015f\u0131k film \u00fczerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenir. Sesin filmden elde edilmesi de arada fotosel kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu i\u015flemin tersidir. Mikrofonun yerini hoparl\u00f6r al\u0131r. Sesin \u0131\u015f\u0131k olarak kayd\u0131 \u00f6zel \u0131\u015f\u0131k t\u00fcp\u00fcyle de yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n saniyede 24 defa kesilip a\u00e7\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in, film \u00fczerinde ses g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kayd\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kenar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki di\u011fer kenara resimler aras\u0131na gelecek \u015fekilde delikler a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Makina \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken bu deliklere giren pim mekanizmas\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131k sistemini film ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131na dolay\u0131s\u0131yle resimlerin mercek \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7me h\u0131z\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

Oskar \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h2>\n

Sinema filmleri her sene yap\u0131lan film festivalleri sonunda yirmi be\u015f dalda \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilirler. Oskar olarak isimlendirilen bu de\u011ferlendirme se\u00e7imlerini tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc akt\u00f6r, film yazar ve y\u00f6neticileri yaparlar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sinema, tam olmamakla beraber tiyatronun sahneden perdeye aksetmi\u015f \u015fekli olarak da tarif edilebilir. Sinema filmlerinin \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131labilmesi ve her yerde kolayl\u0131kla g\u00f6sterilebilmesi, b\u00fcy\u00fck halk kitlelerinin sinemadan etkilenmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur. Sinema k\u00fclt\u00fcr…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11163,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[993,2809,1584,1585,2810],"class_list":["post-3746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eglence","tag-film","tag-oskar","tag-sinema","tag-sinema-filmi","tag-sinema-makinesi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3746"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3746"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3746\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11164,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3746\/revisions\/11164"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3746"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3746"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3746"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}