{"id":3756,"date":"2012-02-23T05:57:12","date_gmt":"2012-02-23T03:57:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3756"},"modified":"2016-12-25T15:27:05","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T13:27:05","slug":"soguk-fuzyonu-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3756","title":{"rendered":"So\u011fuk F\u00fczyon’u kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

So\u011fuk f\u00fczyon, elektrokimyasal bir pil i\u00e7inde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00e7ekirdek kayna\u015fmas\u0131 reaksiyonu olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. So\u011fuk f\u00fczyon ad\u0131 verilen \u00e7ekirdek kayna\u015fmas\u0131 reaksiyonunu, ilk defa Mart 1989\u2019da \u0130ngiltere Southampton \u00dcniversitesinden Martin Fleischmann<\/strong> ile ABD Utah \u00dcniversitesinden Stanley Pons<\/strong> birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiklerini iddia\u00a0ettiler.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ekirdek kayna\u015fmas\u0131 reaksiyonunun milyonlarca derece s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi, bunun da ancak g\u00fcne\u015f merkezinde olabilece\u011fi biliniyordu. Bu iki bilim adam\u0131 ise, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda basit bir elektroliz kab\u0131na lityum, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f d\u00f6teryum oksit elektrolit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi doldurdu. Katot olarak palladyum metali, anot olarak da katot \u00e7evresine sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f platin tel kulland\u0131lar. Elektrotlara ak\u0131m uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00f6teryumun ayr\u0131\u015farak palladyum metali i\u00e7ine s\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kristal ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 doldurdu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Burada birka\u00e7 haftal\u0131k birikim sonucunda d\u00f6teryum-d\u00f6teryum kayna\u015fmas\u0131 meydana geldi\u011fini duyurdular.<\/p>\n

Benzer reaksiyon ba\u015fta ABD, \u0130ngiltere, Japonya, T\u00fcrkiye ve daha pek\u00e7ok \u00fclkede tekrarland\u0131. Ancak, d\u00f6teryum-d\u00f6teryum kayna\u015fmas\u0131 reaksiyon h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n, yap\u0131lan ve h\u0131z\u0131 belirlenen reaksiyonlardan bir milyar daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunun sonucu olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen d\u00f6teryum-d\u00f6teryum kayna\u015fmas\u0131 reaksiyonu bilim \u00e7evrelerince \u015f\u00fcphe ile kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f, hen\u00fcz ispatlanmam\u0131\u015f bir iddia olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6ntemin basitli\u011fi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde irili ufakl\u0131 kurulu\u015flarda. \u0130lgili ilgisiz ki\u015filerce bu deneyin tekrarlanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, n\u00f6tron \u00fcretimini saptamak, bir onur meselesi haline getirilmi\u015f ve olay\u0131n temeline y\u00f6nelik bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u015fimdilik bir kenara itilerek d\u00fcnya, belki de zamans\u0131z ve gereksiz \u015fekilde umutland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fleischmann ve Pons’un deneyindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7eli\u015fki, \u00e7\u0131kan n\u00f6tron say\u0131s\u0131yla, yani f\u00fczyon reaksiyonu say\u0131s\u0131yla elde edilen enerjinin hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde ba\u011fda\u015fmamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclen enerjiye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6zlenmesi gereken n\u00f6tron say\u0131s\u0131, belirtilen say\u0131n\u0131n 100 milyon kat\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen enerji, bilinen her kimyasal reaksiyonun 100 kat\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum, deneydeki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerin do\u011frulu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda ciddi \u015f\u00fcpheler uyand\u0131rmaklad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nitekim, bir ay sonra \u0130talya’da Frascatti Laboratuvarlar\u0131’nda yap\u0131lan daha yal\u0131n, kimyasal i\u015flemler i\u00e7ermeyen bir deneyde g\u00f6zlenen n\u00f6tron say\u0131s\u0131 ilk deneydekinden 200 kat fazla olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen enerji \u00fcretimi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclenin milyarda biri mertebesinde olmu\u015ftur. 1960 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yine \u00e7ok basit y\u00f6ntemler olan “patlayan teller” ile bu deneylerde \u00e7\u0131kan n\u00f6tron say\u0131s\u0131ndan 1000 ya da 10000 kat fazla n\u00f6tron elde edilmesine ra\u011fmen, bu \u015fekilde pek bir yere var\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 saptanarak bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar terk edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, so\u011fuk f\u00fczyon deneylerinde f\u00fczyon reaksiyonu olu\u015fturuldu\u011funun kesin oldu\u011funu, say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise hen\u00fcz sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde saptanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.\u00a0 bu reaksiyonlarda tritiyum ve helyum gazlar\u0131 da olu\u015fmakta, kesin reaksiyon say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 saplayabilmek i\u00e7in, n\u00f6tronlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu gazlar\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi gerekmektedir. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerden sonra reaksiyonlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren fiziksel mekanizman\u0131n kesinlikle saptanabilmesi i\u00e7in, bir dizi deneyin daha yap\u0131lmas\u0131, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n olumlu \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 halinde y\u00f6ntemin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve verimin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara h\u0131z verilmesi gerekir. Son olarak, s\u0131cak ya da so\u011fuk y\u00f6ntemlerle f\u00fczyon enerjisinin\u00a0 hizmete sunulmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

So\u011fuk f\u00fczyon, elektrokimyasal bir pil i\u00e7inde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00e7ekirdek kayna\u015fmas\u0131 reaksiyonu olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. So\u011fuk f\u00fczyon ad\u0131 verilen \u00e7ekirdek kayna\u015fmas\u0131 reaksiyonunu, ilk defa Mart 1989\u2019da…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[1648,1646,1647],"class_list":["post-3756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-martin-fleischmann","tag-soguk-fuzyon","tag-stanley-pons"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3756"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3756"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3756\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6616,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3756\/revisions\/6616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}