Sars\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcnye ile zemin aras\u0131na, yast\u0131klama g\u00f6revi yapan, elastik elemanlar\u0131n meydana getirdi\u011fi mekanik bir d\u00fczen.\u00a0S\u00fcspansiyonun en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 saha otomobillerdir. S\u00fcspansiyon d\u00fczeninde yay, amortis\u00f6r ve\u00a0lastik takozlardan faydalan\u0131l\u0131r. Otomobilin lastikleri dahi s\u00fcspansiyon d\u00fczeninin bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur<\/p>\n
Otomobillerde s\u00fcspansiyon d\u00fczeni, Amerikan ve Avrupa arabalar\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterir. \u00d6n ve arka
\ntekerleklerin ayr\u0131 d\u00fczenleri vard\u0131r. \u00d6n s\u00fcspansiyon d\u00fczeninde genellikle helezonik yay; arka
\nd\u00fczendeyse, Amerikan arabalar\u0131nda, makas, Avrupa arabalar\u0131nda helezonik yay kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Makas ve
\nhelezonlar d\u00e2im\u00e2 amortis\u00f6r ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Yay\u0131n g\u00f6revi tekerlek kasisten ge\u00e7erken s\u0131k\u0131\u015farak
\nyukar\u0131 do\u011fru olan darbenin etkisini yutarak azaltmakt\u0131r. Yay s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nca tekrar genle\u015fmeye ba\u015flar ve eski
\nkonuma gelinceye kadar sal\u0131n\u0131m yapar. Yay\u0131n, sal\u0131n\u0131m hareketlerinin yumu\u015fak \u015fekilde
\ns\u00f6n\u00fcmlendirilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Teleskopik bir amortis\u00f6r\u00fc \u00fcst d\u00f6ner mesnet olarak kullanan bir otomobil s\u00fcspansiyon sistemidir. Modern ara\u00e7larda kullan\u0131m\u0131 olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u0130smini tasar\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Earle S. MacPherson dan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Earle S. MacPherson 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda, daha \u00f6nce Fiat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 Guido Fornaca taraf\u0131ndan 1920\u2019lerde bulunan ilk tasar\u0131m\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Macpherson sisteminin daha \u00f6nce ayn\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131 yaprak yaylarla kullanan Frans\u0131z Cottin-Desgouttes den esinlenildi\u011fi olas\u0131d\u0131r. Cottin-Desgouttes in de esin kayna\u011f\u0131 J. Walter Christie nin 1904 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bitkilerden esinlendi\u011fi tasar\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
MacPherson s\u00fcspansiyonu ilk olarak 1949 Ford Vedette daha sonra 1951 Consul ve Zephyr modellerinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131. MacPherson tasar\u0131m\u0131 d\u00f6rt tekerde de kullanmak i\u00e7in yaratmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen (Mitsubishi Starion, Toyota Carina E, gibi), pratikte ise teker d\u00f6nme mesnetini ve g\u00f6vde ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in genellikle sadece \u00f6n s\u00fcspansiyonda kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Amortis\u00f6r\u00fcn g\u00f6revi yay sal\u0131n\u0131m hareketlerine s\u00f6n\u00fcm kazand\u0131rmakt\u0131r.\u00a0Amartis\u00f6r bulunmayan otomobiller engebeli yoldan giderken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 \u00e7ok sars\u0131nt\u0131 olur. Halbuki\u00a0otomobilde seyir \u00e2n\u0131nda istenilen husus, yolun durumu ne olursa olsun i\u00e7inde oturan yolcuya intik\u00e2l\u00a0eden yatay ve dikey do\u011frultudaki sars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n en az seviyede olmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0\u0130kinci D\u00fcny\u00e2 Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra, s\u00fcspansiyon d\u00fczeni her tekere has bir \u015fekle getirildi. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olan\u00a0bu s\u00fcspansiyon d\u00fczeninde \u00f6n tekerleklerin titre\u015fim ve sa\u011fa sola d\u00f6nme problemleri ortadan\u00a0kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Amerikan otomobillerinin de 1960 senesinden sonra, arka s\u00fcspansiyonlar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z\u00a0helezonik tipe \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcspansiyon sistemlerinde kullan\u0131lan helezonik ve yaprak yay yerine hava, hidrolik kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 piston
\nd\u00fczenli elemanlar da kullan\u0131labilir. Hidrolik bas\u0131nc\u0131 pompayla sa\u011flan\u0131r. Piston d\u00fczenli di\u011fer bir
\ns\u00fcspansiyon eleman\u0131ysa hidroelastik amortis\u00f6rlerdir. Bu d\u00fczende \u00f6n ve arka amortis\u00f6rler birbirlerine
\nboruyla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Amortis\u00f6r d\u00fczeni i\u00e7indeki s\u0131v\u0131, yay\u0131n g\u00f6revini yerine getirir. S\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 ayarlanarak
\notomobilin yerden y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ve sars\u0131nt\u0131 miktar\u0131 istenilen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere getirilebilir.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcspansiyon d\u00fczeninde ayr\u0131ca dolayl\u0131 olarak i\u015f yapan elemanlar da vard\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z s\u00fcspansiyon
\nd\u00fczeninde \u00f6n tekerleklerin seviyelerini ayarlayan, denge \u00e7ubu\u011fu ile arka s\u00fcspansiyon d\u00fczeninde
\nd\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerde meyillenmeyi \u00f6nleyen kar\u015f\u0131-d\u00f6nme \u00e7ubuklar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu \u00e7ubuklar y\u00fcksek kopma
\nmukavemetine s\u00e2hip yay \u00e7eli\u011finden yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcspansiyon yaln\u0131z otomobillere mahsus bir d\u00fczen olmay\u0131p, sars\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 organlara ula\u015fmamas\u0131
\nistenilen her mekanik d\u00fczenin ayr\u0131lmaz par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fyerlerinde tezg\u00e2hlar\u0131n yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi yerler,
\nlokomotifler, vagonlar\u0131n tekerlekleri de s\u00fcspansiyon d\u00fczenleriyle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00fcspansiyon d\u00fczeni
\nolmayan bir \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r makines\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 hem g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc olur, hem de k\u0131sa zamanda ba\u011flant\u0131
\nyerlerinden koparak k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. En m\u00fckemmel s\u00fcspansiyon sistemleri insan v\u00fccudunda yer almaktad\u0131r.
\nY\u00fcksekten atlayan insan\u0131n i\u00e7 organlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunduklar\u0131 yerlerde kopmadan kalabilmeleri sahip
\nolduklar\u0131, m\u00fckemmel s\u00fcspansiyon d\u00fczenleri sayesindedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sars\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcnye ile zemin aras\u0131na, yast\u0131klama g\u00f6revi yapan, elastik elemanlar\u0131n meydana getirdi\u011fi mekanik bir d\u00fczen.\u00a0S\u00fcspansiyonun en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 saha otomobillerdir. S\u00fcspansiyon d\u00fczeninde yay, amortis\u00f6r ve\u00a0lastik takozlardan faydalan\u0131l\u0131r. Otomobilin…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[758],"class_list":["post-3786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-otomobil","tag-suspansiyon"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3786"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3786"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3786\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7454,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3786\/revisions\/7454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3786"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3786"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3786"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}