{"id":39,"date":"2014-06-18T02:00:20","date_gmt":"2014-06-18T00:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.imaxi.net\/?p=39"},"modified":"2018-09-19T17:10:39","modified_gmt":"2018-09-19T15:10:39","slug":"basketbolu-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=39","title":{"rendered":"Basketbolu Kim Buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u015e\u00fcphesiz basketbol d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en pop\u00fcler sporlar\u0131ndan bir tanesi. Fiba basketbolun pop\u00fcleritesin artmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gelelim basketbolu kim buldu konusuna… Basketbol 1891 y\u0131l\u0131nda James Naismith<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Basketbolun \u0130cad\u0131<\/h2>\n

Massachusetts\u00a0 Springfield\u00a0 de YMCA Spor Okulunda \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapan James Naismith<\/strong>‘in\u00a0 bu oyunu icat ederken ilk amac\u0131, so\u011fuk k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnlerinde \u00f6\u011frencilerinin d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kamamas\u0131 nedeniyle onlara, kapal\u0131 alanda vakit ge\u00e7irebilecekleri bir oyun vermekti.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk zamanlar basketbol potas\u0131 3 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeydi. Pota \u00e7emberi yerine \u015feftali sepeti kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Oyuncular say\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131nda top \u015feftali sepetinin i\u00e7erisinde kalmaktayd\u0131. Bir ki\u015fi her seferinde topu sepetin i\u00e7erisinden \u00e7\u0131kartmak zorunda kal\u0131yordu. Bu zorluk ve zaman kayb\u0131 nedeniyle sepetin alt\u0131 kesilerek topun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya kendisin d\u00fc\u015fmesi sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u015eeftali sepeti en son 1906 y\u0131l\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz pota ve \u00e7emberi kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Basketbol Ma\u00e7\u0131<\/h3>\n

1894 senesinde resmi kurallarla belirlenmi\u015f ilk basketbol ma\u00e7\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 ilk milli basketbol ma\u00e7 da 1897\u2019de oynanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1904\u2019te Saint-Lovis Olimpiyatlar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri niteli\u011finde oynanan basketbol, 1936 Berlin Olimpiyatlar\u0131nda resmen yar\u0131\u015fma program\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Basketbolu bulan adam,\u00a0James Naismith<\/h2>\n

\"James-Naismith\"<\/p>\n

James Naismith, 6 Kas\u0131m 1861’de Ontario, Kanada do\u011fdu,\u00a028 Kas\u0131m 1939’da Kansas, ABD’de \u00f6ld\u00fc.\u00a0\u00a0Gen\u00e7 bir adam olarak, Naismith teoloji e\u011fitimi ald\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli spor dalar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu. 1891 sonbahar\u0131nda Springfield’da Beden E\u011fitimi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015fkan\u0131 Luther Halsey Gulick, Jr. taraf\u0131ndan spor e\u011fitmeni olarak atand\u0131. Gulick, Naismith ve di\u011fer e\u011fitmenlerin, k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda okulda yap\u0131lan s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 veya tehlikeli egzersizlerin yerini alabilecek ve kapal\u0131 alanda oynanabilecek oyunlar tasarlamalar\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Naismith yeni oyunu i\u00e7in futbol, \u200b\u200bAmerikan futbolu, \u00e7im hokeyi ve di\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131k hava sporlar\u0131n\u0131n bazi \u00f6zelliklerini se\u00e7ti ve teoride oyuncular aras\u0131ndaki v\u00fccut temas\u0131n\u0131 tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layarak basketbolu tasarlad\u0131. O zamanlar beden e\u011fitimi s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 18 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fuyordu, ilk basketbol ma\u00e7lar\u0131 her iki taraf\u0131n 9’ar ki\u015fiden olu\u015ftu\u011fu bir \u015fekilde oynad\u0131 (Daha sonralar\u0131 bu say\u0131 5’e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc).<\/p>\n

\u0130lk oyunlarda y\u00fcksek biryere as\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015feftali sepetleri topun at\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hedef olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131, bu y\u00fczden sepete giren topu geri almak i\u00e7in bir merdiven gerekli oluyordu. Naismith’in topla y\u00fcr\u00fcmeyi veya ko\u015fmay\u0131 yasaklayan ve fiziksel temas\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlayan orijinal kurallar\u0131, zamanla d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yay\u0131lan oyunun temeli oldu.<\/p>\n

1898’de Naismith, Colorado \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi’nden sonra Denver, Colorado’daki Gross Medical College’dan M.D. O sene 1937’ye kadar Kansas \u00dcniversitesi’nde beden e\u011fitimi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada 1908 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar basketbolda da ko\u00e7luk yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Basketbola ek olarak, futbolcular\u0131n koruyucu kask\u0131n\u0131 icat etmekle de tan\u0131n\u0131r. Naismith Memorial Basketbol Salonu \u015e\u00f6hret, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1959 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

1898’de Naismith, Colorado \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi’ne doktor olarak kabul edildi.\u00a0 1937’ye kadar Kansas \u00dcniversitesi’nde beden e\u011fitimi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 1908 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar basketbol ko\u00e7lu\u011fu da yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Basketbola ek olarak, amerikan futbolcular\u0131n\u0131n takt\u0131klar\u0131 koruyucu kask\u0131 da icat etti.<\/p>\n

Basketbol Nas\u0131l Oynan\u0131r Kurallar\u0131<\/h2>\n

Basketbol 28 m uzunlu\u011funda ve 15 m geni\u015fli\u011finde\u00a0 parke, beton veya sert toprak gibi sert zemine sahip bir sahada oynan\u0131r. Sahan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirten \u00e7izgilere s\u0131ras\u0131yla yan ve dip \u00e7izgiler denir. Kale, basketbol ad\u0131 verilen bir tahta ve bu tahtaya dik olarak tutturulmu\u015f \u00e7emberdir. Tahta dip \u00e7izgiden 120 cm i\u00e7eride, 180 cm x 120 cm x 3 cm ebatlar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Alt kenar\u0131 yerden 275 cm y\u00fcksekliktedir. \u00c7ember 45 santimetredir. \u00c7embere topun \u00fcstten ge\u00e7mesine engel te\u015fkil etmeyecek \u015fekilde dibi delik olan bir file tak\u0131l\u0131r. Basketlerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde de serbest at\u0131\u015f sahas\u0131 bulunur. Tak\u0131mlar topu kar\u015f\u0131 tak\u0131m\u0131n basketine (kalesine) atmaya ve kendi basketine at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Ma\u00e7 s\u00fcresince istenildi\u011fi kadar oyuncu de\u011fi\u015ftirme hakk\u0131na sahip olan tak\u0131mlar; sahaya be\u015fer ki\u015fi ile \u00e7\u0131karlar. Basketbol ma\u00e7lar\u0131nda topun oyun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu zaman, serbest at\u0131\u015flarda, molalarda, kronometre durdurulur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu gibi durumlar s\u00fcreye dahil edilmezler. Topun basketten ge\u00e7mesi atan tak\u0131ma \u00fc\u00e7 say\u0131 \u00e7izgisi ad\u0131 verilen dairenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa \u00fc\u00e7, i\u00e7inden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa 2 puan, serbest at\u0131\u015flarda ise 1 puan kazand\u0131r\u0131r. En \u00e7ok say\u0131 yapan tak\u0131m ma\u00e7\u0131 kazan\u0131r. Beraberlik halinde ma\u00e7 5 dakika uzat\u0131l\u0131r. Beraberlik yine bozulmazsa ma\u00e7 herhangi bir tak\u0131m\u0131n en az bir say\u0131 \u00f6ne ge\u00e7mesine kadar devam eder.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015e\u00fcphesiz basketbol d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en pop\u00fcler sporlar\u0131ndan bir tanesi. Fiba basketbolun pop\u00fcleritesin artmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gelelim basketbolu kim buldu konusuna… Basketbol 1891 y\u0131l\u0131nda James Naismith taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015ftur. Basketbolun \u0130cad\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10336,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[26,795],"class_list":["post-39","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spor","tag-basketbol","tag-james-naismith"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=39"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11832,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39\/revisions\/11832"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=39"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=39"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=39"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}