Bilinen ilk toplama kamp\u0131 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Rusya’da Bol\u015fevikler taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan Holmogor kamp\u0131d\u0131r. Milhaljo Mihajlov’a g\u00f6re bu, “t\u00fcm amac\u0131 tutuklular\u0131n fiziksel olarak yok edilmesi” olan ilk toplama kamp\u0131yd\u0131. 1921 ile 1953 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’ndeki toplama kamplar\u0131nda ka\u00e7 ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fine ili\u015fkin kesin rakamlar yoktur.<\/p>\n
Ancak, t\u00fcm ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, en az 10 milyon ki\u015finin buralarda \u00f6l\u00fcp gitti\u011fi konusunda birle\u015fiyorlar. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re ise, bu rakam 19 milyon dolaylar\u0131nda. Stalinist ter\u00f6r, 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda doru\u011fa ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, toplama kamplar\u0131nda 16 milyon ki\u015fi bulunuyordu. 1930’lu y\u0131llarda Nazi rejiminin \u00fcnl\u00fc isimlerinden Dr. Goebbels, toplama kamplar\u0131n\u0131n “mucidi”nin \u0130ngiltere oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1938’de, Nazilerin propaganda amac\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131klar\u0131 kartpostallarda, Rus toplama kamplar\u0131n\u0131n yerini “G\u00fcney Afrika’daki \u0130ngiliz toplama kamplar\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler” alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Toplama kamp\u0131<\/b>, d\u00fc\u015fman olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir toplulu\u011fun, genelde \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc ko\u015fullarda toplat\u0131l\u0131p tutsak edilmesi amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck kapal\u0131 yerlerdir. Bu grup politik muhaliflerden, d\u00fc\u015fman bir devletin vatanda\u015flar\u0131ndan, belirli etnik veya dini gruplardan, kritik bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131nda ya\u015fayan sivillerden veya ba\u015fka insan gruplar\u0131ndan olu\u015fabilir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n tutuklanmas\u0131 genel sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve hukuki bir s\u00fcrecin veya gere\u011fince bir yarg\u0131laman\u0131n sonucunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez.<\/p>\n
Toplama kamp\u0131 tabiri 19. yy.’\u0131n sonunda \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan II. Boer Sava\u015f\u0131 esnas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Esin kayna\u011fi ise \u0130spanyollar’\u0131n K\u00fcba Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131’nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\n
Naziler toplama kamp\u0131 terimini \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve imha kamplar\u0131n\u0131 betimlemek i\u00e7in kullanarak kelimenin anlam\u0131nda bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yaratm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Her ne kadar toplama kamplar\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olsa da bunlar\u0131n bir birinden ayr\u0131 \u015feyler oldu\u011funun bilinmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bilinen ilk toplama kamp\u0131 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Rusya’da Bol\u015fevikler taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan Holmogor kamp\u0131d\u0131r. Milhaljo Mihajlov’a g\u00f6re bu, “t\u00fcm amac\u0131 tutuklular\u0131n fiziksel olarak yok edilmesi” olan ilk toplama kamp\u0131yd\u0131. 1921 ile 1953…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10525,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345,22],"tags":[1027,259],"class_list":["post-390","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-askeri","category-toplum","tag-kamp","tag-toplama-kampi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/390"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=390"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10526,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/390\/revisions\/10526"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10525"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=390"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}