{"id":394,"date":"2012-02-20T22:18:12","date_gmt":"2012-02-20T20:18:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=394"},"modified":"2016-12-27T02:42:42","modified_gmt":"2016-12-27T00:42:42","slug":"serayi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=394","title":{"rendered":"Seray\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Seralar, s\u0131cak iklim ve b\u00f6lgelerde yeti\u015fen ve k\u0131\u015f\u0131n so\u011fuktan zarar g\u00f6ren bitkilerin yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi, k\u0131smen veya tamamen camla kapal\u0131 yerlerdir. Ser veya limonluk olarak da bilinir. Genelde portakal, limon, muz ve bunlara benzer narenciye bitkileri buralarda yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi ve sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, b\u00f6yle bir d\u00fczen ve sisteme limonluk ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Cam, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irdi\u011finden sera bitkilerinin geli\u015fimine, fotosentezine imkan sa\u011flar. Bu arada seray\u0131 r\u00fczgar ve so\u011fuktan da korur.<\/p>\n

Seralar soba, kalorifer veya elektrik sistemleriyle \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Seralarda \u00e7o\u011funlukla al\u00e7ak bir tu\u011fla duvar \u00fczerine metal veya ah\u015fap iskelet yap\u0131l\u0131r. Camlar iskelete tak\u0131l\u0131r. Kap\u0131lar \u00fczerinde de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck havaland\u0131rma pencereleri bulunur. Seralar\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fc g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rahat alabilecek \u015fekilde se\u00e7ilir. Modern seralar, kapal\u0131 havalarda c\u0131va buharl\u0131 lambalarla ayd\u0131nlat\u0131larak \u201csun\u2019\u00ee g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d sa\u011flan\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece sera bitkilerinin fotozentezinin devam\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk seran\u0131n, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru \u0130talya\u2019da bir botanik bah\u00e7esinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. 1545 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Padua’da ilk botanik bah\u00e7esinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan hemen sonra Daniel Barbaro adl\u0131 bir italyan, bu bah\u00e7ede ilk seray\u0131 yapt\u0131. Yap\u0131da ta\u015f ve tu\u011fla kullan\u0131ld\u0131, pencere ise yoktu. Mangalla \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yordu. Baz\u0131 hassas bitkiler, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n bu seraya al\u0131n\u0131yor, baharla birlikte yeniden yerlerine dikiliyorlard\u0131. Daha sonra \u00f6zellikle\u00a0 Avrupa\u2019da, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, cam\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011finden faydalan\u0131larak koruyucu ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k ge\u00e7irici seralar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu seralar, so\u011fuk, \u0131l\u0131k, s\u0131cak olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7lerinde Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesi, tropik ve astropik b\u00f6lgelerin bitkileri de yeti\u015ftirilirdi. Seralar\u0131n; toprak \u00fcst\u00fcnde, toprak i\u00e7inde ve duvara dayal\u0131 olmak \u00fczere k\u0131s\u0131mlara ayr\u0131lan cinslerine Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinde rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada yayg\u0131n olan sera \u00e7e\u015fitleri:<\/h2>\n

So\u011fuk sera:<\/strong> Hafif donlardan zarar g\u00f6ren bitkilerle s\u0131caktan etkilenen bitkiler buralarda saklan\u0131r. Is\u0131tma tertibat\u0131yla, \u0131s\u0131 derecesi s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n ancak birka\u00e7 derece \u00fcst\u00fcnde tutulur.<\/p>\n

S\u0131cak seralar:<\/strong> Ekvator ve tropik bitkilerin yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi yerlerdir. Bunlarda s\u0131cakl\u0131k normalde 30\u00b0C\u2019de tutulur. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 15\u00b0C\u2019nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesi tehlikelidir. Bunun i\u00e7in kuvvetli bir \u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczeniyle havan\u0131n nemini de y\u00fcksek tutmak i\u00e7in bol suya ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Il\u0131k seralar:<\/strong> Avusturya ile G\u00fcney\u00c7in bitkileri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Seralar i\u00e7indeki s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 10\u00b0-15\u00b0C aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

Toprak i\u00e7indeki seralar:<\/strong> Genellikle \u00fcretme \u00e7iftliklerinde bu tip seralar kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dcretim seralar\u0131:<\/strong> \u00c7ok s\u0131k, fide ve bitkilerin yeti\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu tip seralarda \u0131s\u0131tma tertibat\u0131 alttan yap\u0131l\u0131r. Genelde cam \u00e7er\u00e7eve ile \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f yast\u0131klardan meydana gelir ve \u00e7ok masrafl\u0131d\u0131r. Turfanda fide yeti\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in, e\u011fik camla \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f basit yap\u0131l\u0131 seralar da kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Halk aras\u0131nda bunlar camekan olarak bilinir.<\/p>\n

Duvara dayal\u0131 seralar:<\/strong> Kuzey taraf\u0131 duvara dayand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p, g\u00fcne\u015fin g\u00fcneyden tamamen i\u00e7eri girmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. Az \u0131s\u0131ya ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Masraf\u0131 azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7abuk olgunla\u015ft\u0131rma seralar\u0131:<\/strong> Bu tip seralar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fidi, i\u00e7inde olgunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak bitkiye ve meyveye g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Hangi tip sera olursa olsun, mutlaka bol g\u00fcne\u015f alabilecek \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131 laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Seralar, s\u0131cak iklim ve b\u00f6lgelerde yeti\u015fen ve k\u0131\u015f\u0131n so\u011fuktan zarar g\u00f6ren bitkilerin yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi, k\u0131smen veya tamamen camla kapal\u0131 yerlerdir. Ser veya limonluk olarak da bilinir. Genelde portakal, limon, muz ve…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[261,1595],"class_list":["post-394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarim","tag-sera","tag-seracilik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/394"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=394"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/394\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7639,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/394\/revisions\/7639"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=394"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}