Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca en \u00f6nemli sava\u015f ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri olan toplar\u0131n ilk \u00f6rneklerine, 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00c7in’inde rastlan\u0131r. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc silah\u0131n Avrupa’ya ne zaman geldi\u011fi kesin bilinmemekle birlikte, eldeki kay\u0131tlar, 1320 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar dayan\u0131yor. \u00d6nceleri demir oklar f\u0131rlatan toplar vard\u0131. Sonralar\u0131, demir oklar\u0131n yerini ta\u015f ve demir g\u00fclleler ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
15. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren toplar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fim g\u00f6sterdi. Bu geli\u015fmede, T\u00fcrklerin de b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 vard\u0131r. 1453 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130stanbul’u Fatih Sultan Mehmet komutas\u0131nda ku\u015fatan T\u00fcrk Ordusu’nun en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcc\u00fc, o d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re en korkun\u00e7 ku\u015fatma silahlan olarak kabul edilen, son derece etkili toplard\u0131. Bu dev toplar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla T\u00fcrkler, \u0130stanbul’u \u00e7evreleyen kal\u0131n surlarda gedik a\u00e7arak, 1000 y\u0131ll\u0131k Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na son verdiler ve yeni bir \u00e7a\u011f a\u00e7t\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Sava\u015f topu<\/b>, geni\u015f boru \u015feklinde olup a\u011f\u0131r g\u00fclleleri uzak mesafeye ate\u015flemek i\u00e7in dizayn edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk defa \u00c7in’de ve sonra Avrupa’da kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Onlar a\u011f\u0131r silahlar\u0131n ilk \u00f6rneklerindendi. Avrupa’da ilk top muhtemelen Fas ve Hristiyan \u0130spanya’s\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. \u0130ngiliz topu, ilk defa Y\u00fcz Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131nda 1346 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cr\u00e9cy Sava\u015f\u0131<\/i> (26 A\u011fustos 1346’da Kuzey Fransa’daki Cr\u00e9cy (Kresi) yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki muharebe: (Y\u00fcz Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131’n\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerinden birisidir) kullan\u0131lan ilkel bir toptu.<\/p>\n
Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n sonu daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve daha geni\u015f toplar\u0131n imalini ve onlar\u0131n d\u00fcnyada yay\u0131lma m\u00fccadelesini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Do\u011fu Asya d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geni\u015f toplar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n imalini (Hindistan Jaivana topu gibi) g\u00f6rd\u00fc. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u00e2l\u00e2 farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerde toplar kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ctesibius Alexander Yunan mucit ve matematikci (M\u00d6 285-M\u00d6 222) s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f havay\u0131 kullanarak topun ilkel \u015feklini icat etti (M\u00d6 200).<\/p>\n
Ate\u015f m\u0131zraklar\u0131, barut itmeli oklar en az 1132’de \u00c7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ate\u015fli silahlar ile ilgili belgelenmi\u015f ilk kay\u0131t 1132’de \u00c7in’deki Fujian b\u00f6lgesindeki bir \u015fehrin ele ge\u00e7irilmesinde bambudan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ate\u015fli silahlar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ate\u015fleme i\u00e7in barut kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Song Hanedan\u0131 (960-1279) d\u00f6neminde kullan\u0131lan bu ate\u015fli silahda sonradan bambunun yerini bronz t\u00fcbler ald\u0131 ve bunlarla demir toplar at\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu yeni silahlar terminoloji de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine neden oldu. Ate\u015f m\u0131zraktan “hou gaing” ate\u015f t\u00fcbe “huo tang”.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcb bronz havan topu veya bronz ilk defa Song Hanedan\u0131’n\u0131n Mo\u011follar ile sava\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00c7inliler 3000 den fazla bronz veya demir d\u00f6kme topu \u00c7in Seddi \u00fczerine Mo\u011follara kar\u015f\u0131 savunma i\u00e7in kurdular. Silahlar Mo\u011fol fatihleri taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nd\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Kore’de kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca en \u00f6nemli sava\u015f ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri olan toplar\u0131n ilk \u00f6rneklerine, 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00c7in’inde rastlan\u0131r. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc silah\u0131n Avrupa’ya ne zaman geldi\u011fi kesin bilinmemekle birlikte, eldeki kay\u0131tlar, 1320 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10313,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[961,267,1159],"class_list":["post-405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-askeri","tag-savas","tag-savas-topu","tag-top"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/405"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=405"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/405\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10314,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/405\/revisions\/10314"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}