{"id":4054,"date":"2012-12-04T02:01:10","date_gmt":"2012-12-04T00:01:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=4054"},"modified":"2016-12-26T00:36:12","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T22:36:12","slug":"teleferigi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=4054","title":{"rendered":"Teleferi\u011fi kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Teleferi\u011fi kim icat etti.<\/strong>\u00a0Teleferik \u0130ki istasyon aras\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f havai hat ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 kabinlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, yolcu veya y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan nakliyat sistemidir. \u00d6zel \u00e7e\u015fitlerinden \u00e7ekici ve ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 kablolulara teleben ve telesiyej, sadece \u00e7ekici kablosu olanlara teleksi ad\u0131 verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2rih\u00e7iler eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n Aztek, Maya, M\u0131s\u0131r<\/strong> gibi ileri medeniyetlerinde bug\u00fcnk\u00fc teleferi\u011fe benzer v\u00e2s\u0131talar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmi\u015flerdir. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda, kolla \u00e7evrilerek ilerleyenler oldu\u011fu gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f tipleri de vard\u0131r. Ancak \u00e7e\u015fitli zorluklar sebebiyle 1800 senelerine kadar hak\u00eek\u00ee m\u00e2n\u00e2da bir teleferik sistemi kurulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Elektri\u011fin ke\u015ffedilmesiyle<\/a> <\/strong>teleferi\u011fin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. Ayn\u0131 zamanda ilk uzun mes\u00e2feli hat (74 km) olan teleferik hatt\u0131 1919\u2019da Kolombiya\u2019n\u0131n La Dorada b\u00f6lgesinde in\u015f\u00e2 edilmi\u015ftir. Teleferikle ilk yolcu ta\u015f\u0131ma ise 1929\u2019da Almanya\u2019da Freiburg \u015fehri-Schavn \u0130nsland Da\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. San\u00e2yinin ilerlemesi, geli\u015fmi\u015f teleferik sisteminin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131d\u0131. 1951\u2019de Irak\u2019ta Dicle Nehri \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan b\u00f6yle bir hat, bir def\u00e2da 4032 ton y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde mevcut olan teleferiklerin en uzunlar\u0131 Kiristineberg-Boliden (\u0130sve\u00e7: 96,5 km), Comilog (Kongo: 78 km), La Dorada (Kolombiya: 74 km), Massus-Asmara (Eritre:73 km)d\u0131r. Y\u00fckseklikleri deniz seviyesinden fazla olan m\u00fchim teleferiklerse M\u00fcrrin-Schildhorn (\u0130svi\u00e7re: 6632 m), Aigulle de Midi (Fransa: 3802 m) ve M\u00e9rida (Venezuella: 3000 m)dir. D\u00fcny\u00e2n\u0131n en h\u0131zl\u0131 teleferi\u011fi de (40,64 km\/saat), ABD\u2019nin New Mexico ey\u00e2letinde Sand-peat\u2019ta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Normal bir teleferik genelde \u00fc\u00e7 basit k\u0131s\u0131mdan\u00a0olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r<\/h2>\n

Bunlar; teleferi\u011fin as\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu halat, halata hareket veren bocurgat makinas\u0131 ve teleferik kabinidir. Halatlar d\u00fcz bir hat \u00fczerinde bulunan iki istasyonu her 500 m veya her 1 km\u2019de bir yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f pilonlar v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131yla birbirlerine ba\u011flarlar. Bocurgat da, elektrik veya dizel motoruyla<\/a> \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, hatt\u0131n bir yan\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 halata kuvvet vererek \u00f6b\u00fcr yan\u0131na aktaran geli\u015fmi\u015f bir \u00e7\u0131kr\u0131k makinas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Teleferikler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sistemi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Tek halatl\u0131 denilen birinci t\u00fcrde teleferik tek bir hareketli kabloya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ki halatl\u0131ysa birinci halat kabinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekerken ikincisi hareketi temin eder. Tek halatl\u0131 bir teleferik bir tonluk bir y\u00fckle bir dakikada 183 m gidebilir. \u0130ki halatl\u0131 bir teleferik ise be\u015f tonluk bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 h\u0131zla ta\u015f\u0131yabilir. Hat gidi\u015fli-geli\u015fli ise her bir tarafa ayn\u0131 say\u0131da kabin konmas\u0131 halata istenilen gerginli\u011fin verilmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yan teleferikler, tic\u00e2r\u00ee g\u00e2yeli olanlardan fazla farkl\u0131 de\u011fildirler. B\u00fcy\u00fck yolcu teleferikleri 120 kadar yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yabilirler. Ancak bunlarda di\u011fer teleferiklere il\u00e2ve olarak \u00e2cil durum motorlar\u0131, yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler ve \u00f6zel frenler bulunmas\u0131 mecb\u00fbr\u00eedir. Venez\u00fcella, \u0130svi\u00e7re gibi memleketlerde teleferiklerin zeminden 300 m\u2019den fazla y\u00fckseldi\u011fi yerlerde teleferiklere para\u015f\u00fctler de konulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Teleferiklerin \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n en m\u00fchim sebebi bu v\u00e2s\u0131tan\u0131n co\u011frafi engellerden etkilenmemesidir. Kara ve demiryolunun kurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, hava v\u00e2s\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131n da inemedi\u011fi yerler i\u00e7in son derece, m\u00fcn\u00e2sip bir v\u00e2s\u0131tad\u0131r. \u00dcstelik son derece ucuzdur. Tek kusuru yava\u015f gitmesidir. Bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin teleferi\u011fe, y\u00fcksekten a\u015fa\u011f\u0131y\u0131 seyretmek i\u00e7in bindi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, bu da kusur de\u011fil avantaj olur. \u0130talya, \u0130svi\u00e7re ve ABD\u2019de s\u0131rf bu g\u00e2yeyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f teleferikler mevcuttur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Teleferi\u011fi kim icat etti.\u00a0Teleferik \u0130ki istasyon aras\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f havai hat ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 kabinlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, yolcu veya y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan nakliyat sistemidir. \u00d6zel \u00e7e\u015fitlerinden \u00e7ekici ve ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 kablolulara teleben…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[2129],"class_list":["post-4054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gezi","tag-teleferik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4054"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4054"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4054\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7204,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4054\/revisions\/7204"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}