Caddelerde\u00a0raylar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yolcu ta\u015f\u0131ma v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131. \u00d6nceleri at, buhar ve bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 havayla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken\u00a0sonradan tam\u00e2men elektrikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Troleyb\u00fcs olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan tramvaylarda\u00a0elektrik hav\u00e2\u00ee bir hattan sa\u011flan\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir tipte, elektrik, tekerlerin \u00fczerinde hareket etti\u011fi raylara\u00a0paralel d\u00f6\u015fenmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ray vas\u0131tas\u0131yla sa\u011flan\u0131r. Elektrik devresini tamamlamak i\u00e7in gereken ikinci\u00a0iletkenin vazifesini toprak veya raylar yapar. Hareket h\u00e2lindeki kablolar\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi tramvaylar daha \u00e7ok
\ntepelik b\u00f6lgelerde uygun bir v\u00e2s\u0131tad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Vatman ad\u0131 verilen tramvay s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc tramvay\u0131 frenlemek i\u00e7in kontrol devreleriyle birlikte el freni ve
\nhaval\u0131 fren kullan\u0131r. H\u0131z\u0131 ve g\u00fcc\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ya b\u00e2z\u0131 diren\u00e7ler devreden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r veya devredeki
\nseri ba\u011flant\u0131lar paralel h\u00e2le \u00e7evrilir veya manyetik alanda zay\u0131flatma yap\u0131l\u0131r. Son duraklarda
\nd\u00f6nmemek i\u00e7in tramvaylar iki y\u00f6ne gidebilecek \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flan\u0131p, Birinci D\u00fcny\u00e2 Harbi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n h\u00e2le
\ngelen tramvay ilk def\u00e2 1842\u2019de New York\u2019ta servise \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. L\u00fczumlu g\u00fcc\u00fc temin eden elektri\u011fi
\nraylarla sa\u011flama usul\u00fcnden hav\u00e2\u00ee hatlarla sa\u011flama us\u00fbl\u00fcne ge\u00e7ene kadar tramvay hakk\u0131nda pek\u00e7ok
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve geli\u015fmeler oldu. Hatt\u00e2, Almanya\u2019daki elektri\u011fi tekerlek raylar\u0131yla sa\u011flanan tramvaylar
\nk\u00f6t\u00fc havalarda k\u0131sa devrelere sebep oldu\u011fundan zamanla yerini hav\u00e2\u00ee hatl\u0131 tramvaylara b\u0131rakt\u0131. Birinci
\nD\u00fcny\u00e2 Harbinden sonra \u00f6nemini kaybeden tramvay\u0131n yerini daha ekonomik bir ta\u015f\u0131ma v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131 olan
\notob\u00fcs ve arabalar ald\u0131. Buna ra\u011fmen Avrupa ve baz\u0131 G\u00fcney Amerika \u00fclkelerinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 hizmet
\nvermektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ilk tramvay 1871\u2019de getirildi. Atl\u0131 olan bu ilk tramvaylar 1914\u2019te elektrikliye \u00e7evrildi. Uzun
\nseneler kullan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra 1961\u2019de \u0130stanbul, 1967\u2019de Kad\u0131k\u00f6y yakas\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 1992\u2019den
\n\u00eetib\u00e2ren tekrar \u0130stanbul\u2019da Aksaray-Sirkeci aras\u0131nda tramvay \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Daha sonra
\nEmin\u00f6n\u00fc-Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y aras\u0131 devreye girdi. \u0130leri t\u00e2rihlerde \u0130stanbul\u2019un ba\u015fka semtleri aras\u0131nda da tramvay
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Caddelerde\u00a0raylar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yolcu ta\u015f\u0131ma v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131. \u00d6nceleri at, buhar ve bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 havayla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken\u00a0sonradan tam\u00e2men elektrikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Troleyb\u00fcs olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan tramvaylarda\u00a0elektrik hav\u00e2\u00ee bir hattan sa\u011flan\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir tipte, elektrik, tekerlerin…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[2122],"class_list":["post-4083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gezi","tag-tramvay"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4083"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4083"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4083\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7203,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4083\/revisions\/7203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4083"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4083"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}