T\u00fcrk\u00e7e T\u00fcrk milletinin konu\u015ftu\u011fu\u00a0dildir. T\u00fcrk dili Ural-Altay dil grubuna d\u00e2hil olup, Mo\u011fol, Tunguz, Kore ve Japon dillerinin de ayn\u0131 \u00e2ilede\u00a0yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Altay dilleri \u00e2ilesi veya Altay dilleri toplulu\u011funa mensuptur. Yap\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Altay dilleri\u00a0\u00e2ilesine giren b\u00fct\u00fcn dillerde oldu\u011fu gibi, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e de eklemeli (yap\u0131\u015fkan) dillerdendir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk devreleri karanl\u0131k olmakla birlikte elde bulunan ves\u00eekalar ve \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi bilgiler T\u00fcrk\u00a0dilinin ge\u00e7mi\u015finin t\u00e2rih \u00f6ncesine gitti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Ancak, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e derli toplu metinler,\u00a0Yenisey-Orhun<\/strong> mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 ile ele ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bilhassa Orhun \u00c2bideleri<\/strong>nde i\u015flenmi\u015f bir T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ile Ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle birlikte T\u00fcrk\u00e7e; Altay, En Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, \u0130lk T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Orta T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Yeni T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/strong> ve\u00a0Modern T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/strong> devri olmak \u00fczere yedi ana devrede ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Altay devri<\/strong>; T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol dil birli\u011fini meydana getirmekte olup, T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Mo\u011folca ile ayr\u0131lmaya\u00a0ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya bir oldu\u011fu devirdir. K\u0131saca bu devir T\u00fcrk ve Mo\u011fol dillerinin ana kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil\u00a0etmektedir.<\/p>\n Proto-T\u00fcrk\u00e7e de denilen En Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e devriyle \u0130lk T\u00fcrk\u00e7e devirleri hakk\u0131ndaysa kesin bilgi\u00a0bulunmamakta ve T\u00fcrk dilinin bu devreleri karanl\u0131k kalmaktad\u0131r. Ancak T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin m\u00eel\u00e2ttan \u00f6nceki ve\u00a0m\u00eel\u00e2ttan sonraki 1000 y\u0131la yak\u0131n bir zaman\u0131 bu devrenin i\u00e7indedir. Bu devrin temsilcisi Hunlar olup, Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e devri;<\/strong> G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerin t\u00e2rih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (536). Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk dilli\u00a0milletlerin te\u015fkil etti\u011fi Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti 630 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fup 659 y\u0131l\u0131nda da Bat\u0131 \u00c7in id\u00e2resine\u00a0ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu es\u00e2retten ve durgunluktan sonra ikinci def\u00e2 G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler Kutlug Ka\u011fan ve\u00a0VezirTonyukuk\u2019un \u00f6nderli\u011finde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na kavu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r. 682 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra olan bu ikinci\u00a0silkini\u015f ve kurulu\u015f devrinde Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e eserler yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin mus\u00eebetlerinden ve\u00a0tecr\u00fcbesizliklerinden gelecek nesillerin ders almas\u0131n\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk milletinin yok olmamas\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n tatl\u0131 Kendilerine has bir alfabeyle yaz\u0131lan Orhun metinleri ta\u015flar \u00fczerine kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c2bideler, Vezir\u00a0Tonyukuk, Bilge Ka\u011fan ve K\u00fcltigin Han ad\u0131na dikilmi\u015f olup, kullan\u0131lan dil bir hayli i\u015flek ve a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.\u00a0Bilhassa Bilge Han \u00c2bidesinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e sanat k\u00e2biliyetini de sergilemi\u015f ve alabildi\u011fine g\u00fcr bir hit\u00e2bet dili Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e devrinin belgeleri yaln\u0131z G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerden kalan t\u00e2rih\u00ee miras de\u011fildir. Bu devre Uygur\u00a0T\u00fcrklerinin de katk\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z Uygur metinleri daha \u00e7ok d\u00een\u00ee olup, T\u00fcrk dilinin Uygurlara \u00e2it k\u0131sm\u0131,\u00a0Budizm, Mani, Nastur\u00ee vs. gibi dinlere \u00e2ittir. Uygurlar \u00f6nceleri G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanmakla birlikte Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi gerek G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk, gerekse Uygur T\u00fcrklerinin b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserlerden t\u00e2kip etmekteyiz.<\/p>\n Orta T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/strong> devrinde T\u00fcrkl\u00fck d\u00fcny\u00e2s\u0131 yeni bir medeniyete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcny\u00e2s\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer\u00a0alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkl\u00fck bu devre kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli dinlere girmi\u015f \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmakla beraber h\u00e2l\u00e2 bir aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7indedir.\u00a0O tabiat\u0131na en uygun d\u00eenin nih\u00e5yet \u0130sl\u00e2miyet oldu\u011funu anlam\u0131\u015f. Onuncu asr\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Bu bak\u0131mdan Orta T\u00fcrk\u00e7e devresine giren eserler, pek az\u0131 m\u00fcstesna, ana kaynak olarak verilen T\u00fcrk\u00a0\u00e2det ve \u00f6rfleri yan\u0131nda \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00eedirler. T\u00fcrk dili de bu medeniyete ge\u00e7i\u015fle art\u0131k yeni kelimelere a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Bu devrin dil y\u00e2dig\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n ilki Kutadgu Bilig ve D\u00eev\u00e2n\u00fc L\u00fcg\u00e2ti\u2019t-T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr. Y\u00fbsuf Has Hacib Kutadgu Ka\u015fgarl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n D\u00eev\u00e2n\u00fc L\u00fcgati\u2019t-T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc bir tarafa bu devre i\u00e7ine Kutadgu Bilig de d\u00e2hil M\u00fc\u015fterek\u00a0Orta-Asya T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle yaz\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn eserler girmektedir. Yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrkl\u00fck \u00e2leminin da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olmas\u0131 ve\u00a0\u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerde yeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezleri kurmalar\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin yeni \u015f\u00eeve ve a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirmi\u015ftir. M\u00fc\u015fterek Orta-Asya T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan \u015f\u00eevelerinin merkezini Harezm ili te\u015fkil etmektedir. Bu\u00a0\u015f\u00eevenin belli ba\u015fl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezleriyse Yedisu, Merv ve Buhara \u015fehirleri olmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6lge \u00e7e\u015fitli T\u00fcrk\u00a0a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korudu\u011fu ve g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bir yer olmakla Ka\u015fgar\u2019a nispetle daha \u00e7ok kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k On be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra Orta T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yerini Yeni T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/strong> devresine b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin bu\u00a0devresi 20. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu devirde T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tek bir alfabe sistemi vard\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk\u00a0d\u00fcny\u00e2s\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee T\u00fcrk alfabesini kullanmakta ve bu alfabeyle anla\u015fma gayet kolay olmaktayd\u0131. Bu devir\u00a0T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi en b\u00fcy\u00fck dil y\u00e2dig\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle vermi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Ancak T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin d\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden pek fazla de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131, bu T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131 dili:<\/strong> T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyata ge\u00e7erken Arap, Fars, \u00c7in, Yunan vs. gibi belli ba\u015fl\u0131 dillerin\u00a0d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pek\u00e7ok bat\u0131 dili hen\u00fcz yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyata ge\u00e7memi\u015ftir. Frans\u0131z edebiyat\u0131 14. Rus edebiyat\u0131 ise\u00a011, \u0130spanyol edebiyat\u0131 12, \u0130talyan ve Alman edebiyatlar\u0131 13, \u0130ngiliz edebiyat\u0131 15. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra yaz\u0131l\u0131\u00a0edebiyata s\u00e2hiptirler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yle yaz\u0131 dillerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 da T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden bir hayli sonrad\u0131r.\u00a0T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin devrelerinden bahsederken T\u00fcrk dilinin ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 vesikalar\u0131n\u0131n Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e devrinde oldu\u011fu\u00a0zikredilmi\u015fti. Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 11. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar devam eden tek yaz\u0131 dilidir. Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden sonra T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131 dili, Bat\u0131 ve Kuzey-Do\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi olmak \u00fczere iki ana kola ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Orta T\u00fcrk\u00e7e devresinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu ayr\u0131lma bat\u0131da Osmanl\u0131 ve \u00c2zer\u00ee T\u00fcrk\u00e7esini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken,\u00a0Kuzey-Do\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi de; kuzeyde K\u0131p\u00e7ak, do\u011fuda \u00c7a\u011fatay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esini meydana getirmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Ana T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye ba\u011fl\u0131 olan iki leh\u00e7esi daha vard\u0131r. Bunlar; \u00c7uva\u015f ve Yakut leh\u00e7eleri<\/strong>dir. Ana\u00a0T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de birle\u015fen bu leh\u00e7eler; yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen \u015f\u00eevelerden ayr\u0131 bir yol t\u00e2kip ederek, t\u00e2rih boyunca\u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmi\u015flerdir. Bunlardan \u00c7uva\u015f\u00e7a T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol dil akrab\u00e2l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve birli\u011finin T\u00fcrk dili b\u00fct\u00fcn bu t\u00e2rih\u00ee devreler ve yaz\u0131 dilinin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7inde \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin ve dillerin tesirinde\u00a0kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden de dilde b\u00e2z\u0131 cereyanlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131cas\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7ecilik\u00a0cereyan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrk Dili, t\u00e2rih\u00ee devirler i\u00e7inde yaln\u0131z G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. Ancak bu zamandan\u00a0sonrad\u0131r ki T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Uygurlar zam\u00e2n\u0131nda ve \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee devreye ge\u00e7ildi\u011fi zamanlarda T\u00fcrk milletinin \u00e7e\u015fitli\u00a0medeniyet ve dinlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucu yabanc\u0131 dillerden pek\u00e7ok kelime alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u00a0devresinde bu durum daha \u00e7ok, So\u011fdcadan gelmi\u015ftir. Terc\u00fcme edilen Brahma, Mani ve Buda metinleri\u00a0yeni fikir ve mefhumlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak i\u00e7in din k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kelimelerini de ber\u00e2berinde getirmi\u015flerdir.\u00a0\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee devre i\u00e7inde de ayn\u0131 durum g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu zamanda T\u00fcrk d\u00fcny\u00e2s\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130sl\u00e2miyete\u00a0a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, dilimiz de pek\u00e7ok kelimeyi almaktan \u00e7ekinmemi\u015ftir. Fakat bu durum Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahm\u00fbd\u2019la\u00a0ba\u015flayan bir cereyan\u0131 da do\u011furmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yaln\u0131z \u0130sl\u00e2m medeniyeti i\u00e7inde de\u011fil kom\u015fu\u00a0bulundu\u011fumuz ve devlet i\u00e7inde yer alan kavim ve milletlerin dillerinden de pek\u00e7ok kelime alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahm\u00fbd ile ba\u015flayan dil \u015fuuru, T\u00fcrk\u00e7ecilik cereyan\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015f\u00eevelerde n\u00fcvesini te\u015fkil etmi\u015f\u00a0ve m\u00fcelliflerle \u015f\u00e2irler T\u00fcrk\u00e7ecilik cereyan\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu hal Karamano\u011flu Mehmed Bey gibi\u00a0b\u00e2z\u0131 beylerde Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7aya kar\u015f\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin devlet dili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir aks\u00fcl\u00e2mel \u015feklinde Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7adan ayr\u0131lman\u0131n imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011fu mensubu bulundu\u011fumuz \u0130sl\u00e2m inanc\u0131 ile bilinmesini\u00a0isteyen b\u00e2z\u0131 m\u00fcellif ve \u015f\u00e2irler de T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi bu dillerden al\u0131nacak kelimelerle i\u015fleyip \u00e7e\u015fni ve hal\u00e2vetine\u00a0kavu\u015fturmak istemi\u015flerdir. \u015eunu da belirtmek l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r ki T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00e2dece ba\u015fka dillerden kelime\u00a0almam\u0131\u015f, en az\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar da ba\u015fka lisanlara kelime vermi\u015ftir.\u00a0Anadolu sahas\u0131nda ilk T\u00fcrk\u00e7ecilik cereyan\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatanlar 14. as\u0131rda; G\u00fcl\u015fehr\u00ee, \u00c2\u015f\u0131k Pa\u015fa, K\u00e2d\u0131 Darir,\u00a0 \u015eeyho\u011flu Mustafa, Hoca Mes\u00fbd gibi \u015fahsiyetlerdir. Bu halkaya 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130kinci Mur\u00e2d Han,\u00a0Devleto\u011flu Y\u00fbsuf, Sar\u0131ca Kem\u00e2l, Ayd\u0131nl\u0131 Vis\u00e2li, 16. as\u0131rda ise Tatavlal\u0131 Mahrem\u00ee ve Edirneli Nazm\u00ee\u00a0eklenmi\u015flerdir. Hatta 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu cereyana \u015fuar\u00e2 tezkirelerinde yer verilmi\u015f, daha\u00a0sonra T\u00fcrk\u00ee-i Basit Cereyan\u0131 ile adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Do\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esindeyse bu cereyan T\u00eem\u00fbr Handa n\u00fcvesini bulmakla ber\u00e2ber, as\u0131l, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e2\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00a0h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olan H\u00fcseyin Baykara ve mekteb arkada\u015f\u0131 Ali \u015e\u00eer Nev\u00e2\u00ee\u2019de \u015fahsiyetini bulmu\u015ftur. H\u00fcseyin\u00a0Baykara bu hususta bir ferman \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken, Ali \u015e\u00eer Nev\u00e2\u00ee de T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ispat yoluna gitmi\u015f On yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda bu fikre s\u00e2hip \u00e7\u0131kan N\u00e2b\u00ee\u2019dir. On sekizinci as\u0131rda S\u00e2di \u00c7elebi,\u00a0mahall\u00eele\u015fme cereyan\u0131n\u0131n temsilcisi olan Ned\u00eem, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda P\u00e2di\u015f\u00e2h \u0130kinci Mahm\u00fbd Han ve\u00a0Vak\u2019an\u00fcvis Esad Efendi de ayn\u0131 fikirden hareket etmi\u015fler ve bu h\u00e2l Tanzim\u00e2ta kadar gelmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Tanzim\u00e2ttan sonra Nam\u0131k Kem\u00e2l, Ali S\u00fc\u00e2vi, Ahmed MidhatEfendi, \u015eemseddin S\u00e2mi, Muallim N\u00e2ci i\u015fi\u00a0ilm\u00ee \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler i\u00e7inde halletmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli fikirler ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Bundan sonra art\u0131k dilde iki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce vard\u0131r: Bunlardan birisi; ilm\u00ee \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye s\u00e2hip\u00a0\u00e7\u0131kmak; di\u011feriyse tasfiyecilik denilen dili fakirle\u015ftirme cereyan\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlardan birinci fikre T\u00fcrk Derne\u011fi\u00a0mensuplar\u0131 ile Sel\u00e2nik\u2019te Gen\u00e7 Kalemler s\u00e2hip \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Derne\u011fi \u201ckullan\u0131lacak lis\u00e2n\u0131n en s\u00e2de Cumh\u00fbriyet devrinde, bir ara denenen, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olmayan b\u00fct\u00fcn kelimeleri dilden atmak \u015feklinde\u00a0\u00f6zetlenen ve Tasfiyecilik olarak isimlendirilen hareket, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan vahim neticeleri sebebiyle terk\u00a0edilmi\u015f ve 1936 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra tasfiyecilik hareketlerine katiyetle iltifat edilmemi\u015ftir. Hatt\u00e2 Atat\u00fcrk, Konu\u015fuldu\u011fu saha 19.878.368 km2 olan Altay dillerinin % 55,11\u2019ini T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler meydana\u00a0getirmektedir. T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 saha Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck olup, 10.955.840 km2yi bulmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Bu sahan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Asya topraklar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Da\u011f\u0131lan eski Rusya\u2019n\u0131n % 37\u2019sini te\u015fkil ederken,\u00a0h\u00e2len \u00c7in topraklar\u0131n\u0131n da % 18\u2019inde T\u00fcrkler ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Afganistan, \u0130ran ve Eski\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ve K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta T\u00fcrklerin durumu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yek\u00fbn tutmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bu da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri b\u00f6yle olup, geni\u015f vatanda yerle\u015fmeleri ve pek\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcr T\u00fcrk\u00e7e T\u00fcrk milletinin konu\u015ftu\u011fu\u00a0dildir. T\u00fcrk dili Ural-Altay dil grubuna d\u00e2hil olup, Mo\u011fol, Tunguz, Kore ve Japon dillerinin de ayn\u0131 \u00e2ilede\u00a0yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Altay dilleri \u00e2ilesi veya Altay dilleri toplulu\u011funa mensuptur. Yap\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10292,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,22],"tags":[2803,2118],"class_list":["post-4097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim","category-toplum","tag-turk-dili","tag-turkce"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4097"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4097"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4097\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10293,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4097\/revisions\/10293"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nkar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kendine has alfabe sistemi, dil ve t\u00e2rih \u015fuurunun bulunmas\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa T\u00fcrk\u00a0dilinin t\u00e2rih \u00eetib\u00e2riyle daha eski zamanlara g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fi fikrini vermektedir. Z\u00e2ten bu sahan\u0131n\u00a0\u00e2limleri, Orhun \u00c2bidelerindeki i\u015flenmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmi\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye bakarak, dilin t\u00e2rih\u00ee devrelerini m\u00eel\u00e2ttan\u00a0\u00f6nceki devirlere \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131rlar. \u015eimdiye kadar Rusya ve \u00c7in s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunmas\u0131, yap\u0131lacak\u00a0kaz\u0131lar\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk dilinin eskili\u011fi meselesi \u015fimdilik bu kadar ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Esik,\u00a0Kurgan vs. gibi kaz\u0131lar da z\u00e2ten Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 bilgiler bu \u00eetib\u00e2rla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u00a0olmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, bundan sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, T\u00fcrk dili i\u00e7in \u00fcmit verebilir.<\/p>\n
\nhaklar\u0131ndaki bilgiler, derme \u00e7atma ve da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k da olsa, \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131ndan elde edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\ns\u00f6z\u00fcne ve yumu\u015fak hediyelerine aldan\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen vezir ve ka\u011fanlar kendi a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131ndan, Orhun\u00a0\u00c2bideleri diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan t\u00e2rih\u00ee eserleri m\u00eer\u00e2s b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nkullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\ndaha sonra bu mill\u00ee alfabeyi terk etmi\u015fler ve So\u011fdlar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan Uygur alfabesini alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.\u00a0Bu alfabe T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin seslerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak y\u00f6n\u00fcnden G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk alfabesine nispetle fakirdir. Ancak her iki\u00a0alfabenin m\u00fc\u015fterek taraf\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131s\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, sa\u011fdan sola okunup yaz\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir de\u00a0Uygur alfabesinde harfler birle\u015febilmektedir. Uygur harfleri ayr\u0131ca Mo\u011follar taraf\u0131ndan da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Ancak Uygurlar\u0131n Manihey yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekir. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ise t\u00e2rihte\u00a0yaln\u0131z G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nKarahanl\u0131lar\u0131n kurdu\u011fu devlet s\u00e2yesinde yeniden toparlanm\u0131\u015f, Satuk Bu\u011fra Han\u0131n da 950\u00a0y\u0131l\u0131nda bu d\u00eeni kabul\u00fcyle \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee inan\u00e7 i\u00e7indeki yerini resmen alm\u0131\u015f ve t\u00e2rih boyunca \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen\u00a0vazifeyi hakk\u0131yla yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nBilig\u2019i ile T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin bu devirdeki k\u00e2biliyetini ortaya koyarken, Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahm\u00fbd da D\u00eev\u00e2n\u00fc\u00a0L\u00fcg\u00e2ti\u2019t-T\u00fcrk adl\u0131 eseriyle ba\u015ftan ba\u015fa T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi, \u015five ve a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131na kadar incelemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve bu\u00a0sahada ilk def\u00e2 eser yazma \u015ferefini kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nSamano\u011fullar\u0131 ve Gaznelilerin id\u00e2resi alt\u0131nda bulunan yerlerde de \u00e7e\u015fitli eserler verilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fta\u00a0Kutadgu Bilig olmak \u00fczere Atabet\u00fc\u2019l-Hak\u00e2y\u0131k, Ahmed Yesev\u00ee\u2019nin Hikmetler\u2019i ve daha pek\u00e7ok eser\u00a0M\u00fc\u015fterek Orta-Asya T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin Ka\u015fgar \u015f\u00eevesi veya a\u011fz\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\ng\u00f6stermektedir. Bu b\u00f6lgenin en karekteristik eseri Ali o\u011flu Mahm\u00fbd\u2019un Nehc\u00fc\u2019l-Fer\u00e2dis\u2019idir.\u00a0Orta T\u00fcrk\u00e7e devrinin i\u00e7inde yine 13. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra bat\u0131da Osmanl\u0131; kuzey ve g\u00fcneyde K\u0131p\u00e7ak;\u00a0do\u011fuda ise \u00c7a\u011fatay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu T\u00fcrk \u015f\u00eevelerinde, Orta T\u00fcrk\u00e7e devrinde pek\u00e7ok eser\u00a0yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bilhassa K\u0131p\u00e7ak ve \u00c7a\u011fatay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi sahalar\u0131nda dille ilgili olan, gramer ve l\u00fcg\u00e2t kitaplar\u0131na\u00a0geni\u015f yer verilmi\u015fti. \u00c7a\u011fatay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, eserlerini bilhassa 15. y\u00fczy\u0131la do\u011fru Semerkant ve Herat gibi\u00a0k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezlerinde vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\ndevirde dilde \u00e7e\u015fitli ak\u0131mlar\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\nsonra bat\u0131ya yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7ler ve yeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezlerinin te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fcyle T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerde\u00a0farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahm\u00fbd bu hususta D\u00eev\u00e2n\u2019\u0131nda ilk bilgi veren dil\u00a0\u00e2limlerinden ve ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lardand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc ve kesintisiz olan, en b\u00fcy\u00fck yaz\u0131 dilidir. Yerini 1908\u2019den\u00a0sonra T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin do\u011fu d\u00e2iresini meydana getiren \u00c2zer\u00ee T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi\u00a0ise, \u015fifah\u00ee edebiyat\u0131n ve \u015fiir an\u2019anesinin tesiriyle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7a\u011fatay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi de yerini\u00a0Modern \u00d6zbek T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine b\u0131rakmakla birlikte Do\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esini bug\u00fcn; Kazak, K\u0131rg\u0131z, \u00d6zbek vs. temsil\u00a0etmektedir. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n dili olan Modern Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi de ayn\u0131 d\u00e2ire i\u00e7inde yer almaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin do\u011fu kolu olan \u00c2zer\u00ee T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyse \u00f6nceleri Tebriz a\u011fz\u0131na dayanmakla birlikte sonralar\u0131\u00a0Bak\u00fc ve Karaba\u011f a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezine s\u00e2hip olmu\u015ftur. Bak\u00fc ve Karaba\u011f\u00a0bu \u015f\u00eevenin Kuzey, Tebriz ve \u0130ran k\u0131sm\u0131 da G\u00fcney dal\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirmektedir. Bu ay\u0131rma daha \u00e7ok\u00a0\u00c2zer\u00ee T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn siyas\u00ee par\u00e7alanmaya t\u00e2bi tutulmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6lgede f\u0131rsat ele ge\u00e7ince\u00a0istikl\u00e2l \u00eel\u00e2n eden b\u00e2z\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetler hemen T\u00fcrk\u00e7e tedrisata ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u00f6\u011fretmenler\u00a0getirerek dil birli\u011fine y\u00f6nelmi\u015fler. Ancak bu hareketler \u0130ran ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle yok edilmi\u015f, zaman\u00a0zaman bu i\u015fbirli\u011finin i\u00e7ine \u0130ngiltere de kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc vaz\u00eefesi g\u00f6ren m\u00fchim bir leh\u00e7edir. Fikir ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00eetib\u00e2riyle as\u0131l T\u00fcrkl\u00fckten\u00a0ayr\u0131lmayan bu leh\u00e7e, kendine mahsus ayr\u0131 bir yol t\u00e2kip etmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn anla\u015f\u0131lmaz bir durum arz\u00a0etmektedir. Z\u00e2ten leh\u00e7e; bir dilin bilinmeyen bir zamanda kendisinden ayr\u0131lan ve anla\u015f\u0131lmayacak kadar
\nfarkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6steren koluna denmektedir.<\/p>\n
\nTanzimattan sonra bile bat\u0131ya a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131zla bat\u0131 men\u015feli kelime ve gramer \u015fekilleri gitgide T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede yer\u00a0etmi\u015ftir. Bu durum hangi devirde olursa olsun dilin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f t\u00e2rihi y\u00f6nden ba\u015fka dillerin tesiri alt\u0131nda\u00a0kalmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015f ve t\u00e2rihte T\u00fcrk\u00e7ecilik cereyan\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\ndo\u011fmu\u015f, b\u00e2z\u0131 m\u00fcelliflerde s\u00e2dece T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yazmak arzusu ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f; b\u00e2z\u0131 \u015f\u00e2irlerdeyse\u00a0T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin i\u015flenmesi ve gramer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilme yoluna gitmi\u015ftir. Fakat as\u0131l istek 13. ve\u00a015. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda beylerin deste\u011fi ve te\u015fvikiyle olmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131, \u0130sfendiyar ve Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131nda
\ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi beyler eserleriyle bu cereyana kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Karamano\u011flu Mehmed Beyden\u00a0\u00f6nce 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Sel\u00e7uklu saray\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yazan \u015f\u00e2irler vard\u0131r. Ahmed Fakih ile Hoca\u00a0Dehh\u00e2n\u00ee bunlardand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nve onun kudretli bir dil oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in pek\u00e7ok eser yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00fcseyin Baykara\u2019n\u0131n ise\u00a0T\u00fcrk\u00e7e D\u00eev\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 lis\u00e2n\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d s\u00f6ylerken, Gen\u00e7 kalemlerse konu\u015ftu\u011fumuz \u0130stanbul lisan\u0131n\u0131 istemektedir.\u00a0T\u00fcrk Derne\u011finin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine Necip \u00c2s\u0131m; gen\u00e7 Kalemlerinkine de Ali C\u00e2nib, \u00d6mer Seyfedd\u00een ve Ziya\u00a0G\u00f6kalp \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6nderlik etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7enin eskili\u011fi ve ba\u015fka dillerin kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu tezinin neticesi olarak G\u00fcne\u015f-Dil Teorisini ortaya\u00a0atm\u0131\u015f ve yabanc\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen her kelimenin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e oldu\u011funu kabul etmi\u015ftir. Bu durumda \u201cHangi\u00a0dilden gelirse gelsin T\u00fcrk Milletinin konu\u015ftu\u011fu her kelime T\u00fcrk\u00e7edir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAtat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra ise tasfiyecilik yaln\u0131z dildeki kelimeleri atmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, ilim tan\u0131maz bir\u00a0yola da sapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin kendi k\u00e2ide ve k\u00e2nunlar\u0131na bile ehemmiyet verilmemi\u015f ve pek\u00e7ok kelime\u00a0uydurulmu\u015ftur. Bu hareketse T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu\u2019nun \u00f6nderli\u011finde olmu\u015ftur. Kurum ilim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir yol t\u00e2kip\u00a0ederek pek\u00e7ok dil \u00e2limini b\u00fcnyesinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, halk a\u011fz\u0131ndan derlenen kelimeleri T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131\u00a0diline mal edememi\u015f ve bu i\u015fi siy\u00e2s\u00ee devrimcilere b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980\u2019e kadar s\u00fcregelen bu\u00a0hareket, sonunda durdurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\nmerkezleri meydana getirmeleri, T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin pek fazla karde\u015flenmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur. Ayn\u0131 dilin, bu\u00a0kadar co\u011frafya i\u00e7inde b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli kollar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmesi, bu sahayla u\u011fra\u015fan \u00e2limleri\u00a0T\u00fcrk \u015f\u00eevelerinin tasnifi gibi g\u00fc\u00e7 bir problemin i\u00e7ine atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu meseleyle ilk kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan Ka\u015fgarl\u0131
\nMahm\u00fbd olmu\u015ftur. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrk \u015f\u00eevelerinin tasnifi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan pek\u00e7ok T\u00fcrkolog mevcuttur.\u00a0Bu meselede \u00e2limlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 co\u011fraf\u00ee hus\u00fbsiyete, b\u00e2z\u0131s\u0131 ise T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin yap\u0131 ve sesinden hareketle\u00a0gramere dayal\u0131 tasniflere yer vermi\u015flerdir. Radlof, Ramstedt, Samoylovi\u00e7, Liggeti, Baskakov ve Re\u015fid
\nRahmeti Arat\u2019\u0131n tasnifleri bunlar i\u00e7erisinde ayr\u0131 bir mevki i\u015fg\u00e2l eder. Ger\u00e7ekteyse Arat\u2019\u0131n tasnifi, bu\u00a0hususta en uygun tasniftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"