{"id":414,"date":"2010-12-26T22:17:15","date_gmt":"2010-12-26T20:17:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=414"},"modified":"2018-02-28T22:17:57","modified_gmt":"2018-02-28T20:17:57","slug":"fisek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=414","title":{"rendered":"Fi\u015fe\u011fi kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fi\u015fek ate\u015fli silahlarda genellikle t\u00fcfekte kullan\u0131lan cephane \u00e7e\u015fididir. Kur\u015fun olarak da bilinmektedir. Fi\u015fek, kovan ve \u00e7ekirdek veya mermi olmak \u00fczere ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki k\u0131s\u0131mdan meydana gelmektedir. Kovan, i\u00e7ine mermiyi hedefe g\u00f6t\u00fcrecek kuvveti do\u011furan barutun konup ucuna merminin yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi bir ucu kapal\u0131 silindirik, karton veya m\u00e2den\u00ee malzemeden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir par\u00e7ad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Av t\u00fcfeklerinin kovanlar\u0131, kapal\u0131 ucu pirin\u00e7 malzemeden olmak \u00fczere kartondan yap\u0131l\u0131r. On yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda ilk yap\u0131lan fi\u015feklerin kovanlar\u0131 da kartondur. Fi\u015feklerin, silah namlusunun ucundan dolduruldu\u011fu ilk zamanlarda, karton kovan biraz y\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131p barutun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 namlu i\u00e7ine ve hazneyi d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya irtibatlayan falya deliklerine d\u00f6k\u00fclmek s\u00fbretiyle ate\u015flenmesi sa\u011flan\u0131yordu. Fi\u015fe\u011fi meydana getiren kovan, barut<\/a>, \u00e7ekirdek sil\u00e2h\u0131 doldururken bir araya getiriliyordu.<\/p>\n

Ate\u015fli silahlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131ndan sonra, toz halindeki barut, silah\u0131n i\u00e7ine bir torbadan al\u0131narak dolduruluyordu. Ancak, bu son derece tehlikeli bir y\u00f6ntemdi. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren, ka\u011f\u0131t ambalajlar i\u00e7inde “bir at\u0131ml\u0131k barut’lar haz\u0131rland\u0131. Silah\u0131 kullanacak ki\u015fi, silindir \u015feklindeki bu paketin tepesini y\u0131rtarak, i\u00e7indeki barutu silah\u0131na bo\u015falt\u0131yor, arkas\u0131ndan da kur\u015funu koyuyordu.<\/p>\n

On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda sil\u00e2hlar\u0131n namlu dibinden, y\u00e2ni dip\u00e7ik k\u0131sm\u0131ndan doldurulmas\u0131 geli\u015ftirilince kovan, mermi, barut ve ate\u015flemeyi sa\u011flayan kaps\u00fcl tek par\u00e7a olarak imal edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.\u00a0 1812 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130sve\u00e7li silah yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Samuel Pauly, Paris’teki d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131nda modern fi\u015fe\u011fin ilk \u00f6rne\u011fini geli\u015ftirdi. Metal tabanl\u0131 bir karton kutu bi\u00e7iminde olan bu fi\u015fe\u011fin i\u00e7ine mermi ve bir perk\u00fcsyon (delme) kaps\u00fcl\u00fc koyulmu\u015ftu. Ate\u015flemeyi sa\u011flayan ve kovan\u0131n dibine yerle\u015ftirilen kaps\u00fcl, silah\u0131n teti\u011fiyle harekete ge\u00e7en bir i\u011fne taraf\u0131ndan patlat\u0131lmakta ve barutun ate\u015flenmesi sa\u011flanmaktayd\u0131.\u00a0 Karton kovanlar\u0131n nemden \u00e7ok etkilenmesi ve bu tip fi\u015feklerin \u00e7abuk ate\u015f almamas\u0131 gibi mahsurlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, kovanlar madeni olarak yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hala fi\u015feklerin kovan\u0131 pirin\u00e7ten yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Geri tepmesiz toplarda kovana hava delikleri a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fi\u015fek atan ilk modern silah ise, 1837 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almanya’da Johann Dreyse taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi. Bu silah, Pauly fi\u015fe\u011finin bir benzerini at\u0131yordu. 1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle metal fi\u015fekler yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Birinci ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda metal fi\u015feklerin etkinli\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu.<\/p>\n

Fi\u015fe\u011fin \u00e7ekirdek veya mermi kovan\u0131, kur\u015fun veya \u00e7elikten yap\u0131l\u0131r. Genellikle kur\u015fundan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hedefe \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda deforme olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in kur\u015funa antimon kat\u0131l\u0131r. Hatta \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 mermilerde kur\u015fun \u00e7ekirde\u011fin d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bak\u0131r-nikel veya bak\u0131r-\u00e7inko ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bir k\u0131l\u0131fla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcr. Mermilerin \u00e7aplar\u0131, t\u00fcfek ve tabanca mermilerinde kalibre, top mermilerinde ise direk mm ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Kalibre bir inchin (25,4 mm) y\u00fczde birine e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fi\u015fek ate\u015fli silahlarda genellikle t\u00fcfekte kullan\u0131lan cephane \u00e7e\u015fididir. Kur\u015fun olarak da bilinmektedir. Fi\u015fek, kovan ve \u00e7ekirdek veya mermi olmak \u00fczere ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki k\u0131s\u0131mdan meydana gelmektedir. Kovan, i\u00e7ine mermiyi hedefe g\u00f6t\u00fcrecek…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10539,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[270,271],"class_list":["post-414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-askeri","tag-fisek","tag-mermi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=414"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10540,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414\/revisions\/10540"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}