Zift ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, linyit, odun ve ham petrol\u00fcn \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0ile elde edilen siyah yap\u0131\u015fkan at\u0131kt\u0131r. So\u011fukta sert ve kolayl\u0131kla k\u0131r\u0131labilen, v\u00fccut s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yumu\u015fayan\u00a0ve kaynak su i\u00e7erisinde tam\u00e2men eriyen kokulu bir maddedir.<\/p>\n
Ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, linyit ve odunun dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131ile \u00f6nce katran, katran\u0131n dam\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p muhtelif organik maddeleri ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra geride art\u0131k maddeolarak da zift elde edilir. Petrol\u00fcn dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131nda benzin, gazya\u011f\u0131, mazot ve m\u00e2den\u00ee ya\u011flar ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktansonra, geride kalan maddeye asfalt denir. Asfalt da elde edilmi\u015f \u015fekli \u00eetib\u00e2riyle zifttir.<\/p>\n
Zifti \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak madde hava ile temas\u0131 olmayan kapal\u0131 bir kazan i\u00e7erisine konularak \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Is\u0131tma\u00a0i\u015fleminde genellikle buhar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Buhar ayn\u0131 zamanda ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 da kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka metod\u00a0ise hava \u00fcflenerek oksitleme yolu ile elde etmedir. Bu i\u015flemler sonunda u\u00e7ucu maddeler bir ba\u015fka\u00a0kapta biriktirilerek yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Su ile kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k halde zift elde edilmi\u015f olur. Ziftin evvel\u00e2 suyu ayr\u0131l\u0131r,\u00a0daha sonra s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit i\u00e7erisinden ge\u00e7irilerek k\u00fck\u00fcrd\u00fcnden temizlenir. Zift buhar\u0131 ya\u011fdan veya aktif\u00a0k\u00f6m\u00fcrden ge\u00e7irilerek benzin, toluen gibi k\u0131ymetli kimyev\u00ee maddelere ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Odun ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00a0katran\u0131ndan elde edilen zift i\u00e7in 450-700\u00b0C d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131s\u0131 karbonla\u015fmas\u0131 ve 900-1200\u00b0C aras\u0131nda ise\u00a0y\u00fcksek \u0131s\u0131 karbonla\u015fmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olup, farkl\u0131 yap\u0131ya s\u00e2hip maddeler a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. Odundan elde\u00a0edilen zifte halk aras\u0131nda karasak\u0131z da denir.<\/p>\n
Zifti ilk ke\u015ffeden ve elde eden Alman bilim adam\u0131 Johann Joachim Becher<\/strong>\u2019dir. 1665 senesinde il\u00e2\u00e7 yapmak maksad\u0131 ile\u00a0ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc dam\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Odundan elde edilen zift daha sonra gemilerin karinolar\u0131na b\u00f6cek tutmamas\u0131\u00a0i\u00e7in s\u00fcr\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Ziftin tekrar dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edilen daha ak\u0131c\u0131 madde (creosote) ise\u00a0denizyolu traverslerinin, telgraf direklerinin \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmemesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. 1865 senesinde ziftten karbolik\u00a0asit (fenol) elde edilmesiyle ecz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131kta antiseptik \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. Ziftin yol yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise\u00a01901 senesine rastlar.<\/p>\n Ziftten elde edilen maddelerin say\u0131s\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fczden fazlad\u0131r. Bakalit, naylon, aseton,\u00a0etilalkol, metiletilketon, asetikasit, naftalin, benzin z\u00fcfaten elde edilen organik maddelerdendir.\u00a0Odunun dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edilen maddeler % 81 su, % 3-4 metil alkol, % 6-8 asetik asit ve % 7\u00a0zifttir. Bu \u015fekilde elde edilen ziftte \u00e7e\u015fitli ya\u011flar, esterler, ketonlar, alkoller, fenoller ve daha bir\u00e7ok\u00a0organik maddeler vard\u0131r. \u00c7am a\u011fac\u0131 gibi re\u00e7ineli odundan elde edilen ziftte bol miktarda terebentin de\u00a0bulunur. Merhem h\u00e2linde deri hastal\u0131klar\u0131nda (uyuz, ekzama, mantar gibi) kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Linyit k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcnden\u00a0elde edilen ziftte ise parafinli maddeler \u00e7oktur. Bu t\u00fcr ziftlerden motor ya\u011flama ya\u011flar\u0131 ve yak\u0131tlar\u0131 da\u00a0elde edilebilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Zift ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, linyit, odun ve ham petrol\u00fcn \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0ile elde edilen siyah yap\u0131\u015fkan at\u0131kt\u0131r. So\u011fukta sert ve kolayl\u0131kla k\u0131r\u0131labilen, v\u00fccut s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yumu\u015fayan\u00a0ve kaynak su i\u00e7erisinde tam\u00e2men eriyen kokulu bir maddedir….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317],"tags":[2149],"class_list":["post-4151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-is-dunyasi","tag-zift"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4151"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4151"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4151\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10395,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4151\/revisions\/10395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}