Manc\u0131n\u0131k topun ke\u015ffinden \u00f6nce \u00f6zellikle kale duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir \u00e7e\u015fit sava\u015f aletidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi, gerilip b\u0131rak\u0131larak, ucundaki ta\u015f\u0131 ileri f\u0131rlatan sopan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeninin ayn\u0131s\u0131 olan manc\u0131n\u0131\u011fa \u201ckatapult\u201d da denir. Manc\u0131n\u0131\u011fa konan ta\u015f, g\u00fclle ve b\u00fcy\u00fck oklar, uzak mesafelerden top mermisi gibi d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n \u00fczerine at\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Peki manc\u0131n\u0131\u011f\u0131 kim icat etti.<\/p>\n
Manc\u0131n\u0131klar\u0131n tarihi \u00e7ok eski olup, efsaneye g\u00f6re ilk olarak Nemrud zaman\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Hazret-i \u0130brahim\u2019i yakmak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan ate\u015fe yakla\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Nemrad manc\u0131n\u0131k kulland\u0131. \u0130br\u00e2him aleyhissel\u00e2m manc\u0131n\u0131kla ate\u015fin ortas\u0131na at\u0131ld\u0131. Fakat ate\u015f yakmad\u0131. Bundan sonraki y\u0131llarda yayg\u0131n olarak istifade edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Fenikeliler taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan, o g\u00fcne g\u00f6re modern, bug\u00fcne g\u00f6re ise \u00e7ok ilkel\u00a0 olan manc\u0131n\u0131k, zamanla d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bilgi ise manc\u0131n\u0131\u011f\u0131n M.\u00d6. 399’da eski Yunan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u00a0Syracuse’lu Dionysius taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Romal\u0131lar daha sonra manevra yapmak i\u00e7in manc\u0131n\u0131\u011fa tekerlekler eklemi\u015flerdir. Manc\u0131n\u0131k (balista olarak da bilinir) bin y\u0131ldan daha uzun s\u00fcredir sava\u015f i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir silaht\u0131. \u00c7ift silahl\u0131 bir manc\u0131n\u0131k (Trebuchet olarak da bilinir) Orta \u00c7a\u011f’da yakla\u015f\u0131k MS 1400’lerde Siena’l\u0131 Mariano Taccola taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok a\u011f\u0131r g\u00fclleleri f\u0131rlatmaya yarayan manc\u0131n\u0131klar, M.\u00d6. 500 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Yunanl\u0131lar ve Kartacal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Yap\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ise daha eski tarihlere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ku\u015fku yoktur. Bu manc\u0131n\u0131klar, iki ayr\u0131 t\u00fcrdeydi. Baz\u0131lar\u0131, dev kaya par\u00e7alar\u0131 ya da alevli toplar f\u0131rlat\u0131yordu. Baz\u0131lar\u0131ndan ise, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oklar ya da g\u00fclleler atmak i\u00e7in yararlan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Menzilleri ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 metreydi. Orta\u00e7a\u011f’da bu silah, daha da geli\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n
Romal\u0131lar, kale ve \u015fehir ku\u015fatmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ta\u015flar\u0131 atabilecek bir aparat geli\u015ftirdiler. \u201cta\u015f manc\u0131n\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bu sil\u00e2h, sa\u011flam ve uzun bir a\u011fa\u00e7 koldan meydana gelmekteydi. Bir ucu bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveye tak\u0131l\u0131 kolun \u00f6teki ucunda ta\u015f koymak i\u00e7in kep\u00e7eye benzeyen bir yuva vard\u0131. Atma kolu bir boynuz yayla yukar\u0131 do\u011fru f\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131nca, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yast\u0131\u011fa \u00e7arp\u0131p ucundaki ta\u015f\u0131 f\u0131rlat\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Mangonel ad\u0131 verilen di\u011fer manc\u0131n\u0131k \u00e7e\u015fidi, merkezinden bir mille hareket eden uzun bir koldan meydana gelmekteydi. Kolun bir ucunda ta\u015f atmaya yarayan bir sapan vard\u0131. \u00d6teki ucu ise, \u00e7ekme halatlar\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131yordu. At\u0131\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi, halatlar\u0131, h\u0131zla \u00e7ekip, kolu kald\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131 ve \u00f6teki u\u00e7taki ta\u015f\u0131 at\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu sil\u00e2ha \u201cmangonel\u201d ad\u0131 verilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Terazili manc\u0131n\u0131k ise mangonelde kola ba\u011fl\u0131 halatlar\u0131 \u00e7eken insan g\u00fcc\u00fc yerine, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kar\u015f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131ktan faydalan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu t\u00fcr manc\u0131n\u0131klara \u201cterazili manc\u0131n\u0131k\u201d ad\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n
Daha sonralar\u0131 manc\u0131n\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeni ve ba\u015fka \u015fekli olan buharl\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlar kruvaz\u00f6r ile z\u0131rhl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bu tip\u00a0 manc\u0131n\u0131klar 35 ton civar\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan u\u00e7aklar\u0131 75 metreye kadar f\u0131rlatabiliyordu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Manc\u0131n\u0131k topun ke\u015ffinden \u00f6nce \u00f6zellikle kale duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir \u00e7e\u015fit sava\u015f aletidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi, gerilip b\u0131rak\u0131larak, ucundaki ta\u015f\u0131 ileri f\u0131rlatan sopan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeninin ayn\u0131s\u0131 olan manc\u0131n\u0131\u011fa \u201ckatapult\u201d da…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10672,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[273],"class_list":["post-416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-askeri","tag-mancinik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/416"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=416"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/416\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10673,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/416\/revisions\/10673"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=416"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}