{"id":422,"date":"2011-09-03T22:22:00","date_gmt":"2011-09-03T20:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=422"},"modified":"2016-12-26T00:52:22","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T22:52:22","slug":"pusulayi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=422","title":{"rendered":"Pusulay\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pusulay\u0131 kim icat etti<\/a>.<\/strong> Pusulan\u0131n icad\u0131 ile ilgili bilgiler M.\u00d6. ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7in medeniyetini g\u00f6steriyor. Ancak eski bir Meksika medeniyeti olan Olmekler’in M.\u00d6. 1000 li y\u0131llarda pusula kulland\u0131klar\u0131na dair rivayetler vard\u0131r. Fakat hen\u00fcz tam olarak pusulay\u0131 Olmeklerin buldu\u011fu teyit edilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Antik \u00c7in’de Pusula<\/h2>\n

M.\u00d6. 221 -206 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda antik \u00e7inde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Qin Hanedan\u0131 d\u00f6neminde m\u0131knat\u0131s ta\u015f\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f demir oksit \u00e7ubuktan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f,\u00a0 kuzey ve g\u00fcney eksenlerini g\u00f6steren ilk pusulalar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bilgiler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Fakat bu bilgiler pusulay\u0131 icat edenin \u00c7inliler oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamamaktad\u0131r. Fakat o d\u00f6nemlerde bu altin y\u00f6n bulmada de\u011fil falc\u0131l\u0131kta kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

1117 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Zhu Yu’nun Pingzhou tabletlerinde pusulan\u0131n ilk defa y\u00f6n bulmada kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren ilk belgelerdir. Yine 800 ve 1040 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131na ait \u00c7in kitaplar\u0131nda manyetizma ve manyetik \u00e7ubuklar ile ilgili bir \u00e7ok bilgi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Manyetik Demir \u00c7ubuklar<\/h2>\n

M.S. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda seyir cihaz\u0131 olarak manyetik i\u011fneler, m\u0131knat\u0131s ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yerini almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan 1050 li y\u0131llara kadar pusulan\u0131n gemiler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en ilk resmi pusula kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00c7inli denizci, amiral ve k\u00e2\u015fif He Zheng (1371-1433) taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen, 1405 – 1433 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan seyahatte kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in’den Avrupa’ya<\/h2>\n

Pusulan\u0131n \u00c7in den Avrupa’ya ge\u00e7i\u015fi ile ilgili bir ka\u00e7 rivayet vard\u0131r. \u0130lki \u00c7inli t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n Ortado\u011fu’ya yapt\u0131klar\u0131 seyahatler pusulan\u0131n \u00f6nce Ortado\u011fuya oradan da Avrupaya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bir di\u011feri ise Avrupal\u0131 ka\u015fiflerin do\u011fu seyahatlarinde pusula ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer rivayet ise pusulan\u0131n \u00c7in’den direkt olarak Avrupa’ya geldi\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Avrupa da manyetik i\u011fneler ile ilgili ilk kay\u0131t Alexander Neckam’\u0131n 1190 y\u0131l\u0131nda paris te yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “On the Natures of Things” ald\u0131 kitab\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Modern Pusula<\/h2>\n

Modern pusulan\u0131n tarihi William Sturgeon<\/strong>‘\u0131n elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131 bulmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ngiliz mucitin bu bulu\u015fu modern pusulan\u0131n geli\u015fiminin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir. 1825 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra bir ka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 pusula ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. S\u0131v\u0131 pusula ile ilgili ilk prototip 1690 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0Sir Edmund Halley taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130lk el pusulas\u0131n\u0131n patenti 1885 y\u0131l\u0131nda al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fakat pusulan\u0131n yan\u0131nda demirden bir cisim bulunursa, ibre etkilenmekte ve yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6n g\u00f6stermekteydi. Bu durum demirden yap\u0131lan gemilerde pusulan\u0131n y\u00f6n g\u00f6stermesi ile ilgili sorunlara neden olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda denizciler, pusula \u00fczerinde daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar ve manyetik alan\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenerek, pusulalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na koyduklar\u0131 bir ba\u015fka demir par\u00e7as\u0131yla, demirden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gemilerin manyetik alan\u0131n\u0131n pusula \u00fczerinde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sapmay\u0131 giderdiler.<\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131lla birlikte, pusuladaki geli\u015fim \u00e7ok ilerledi. U\u00e7ak <\/a>ve gemilerde jiroskop ad\u0131 verilen pusulalar kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Jiroskop ile ilgili ilk denemeler, 1908’de Almanya’da yap\u0131ld\u0131 fakat ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131. 1910’da ABD donanmas\u0131n\u0131n “USS Delaware” adl\u0131 gemisinde Jiroskop ile ilgili ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Jiroskop<\/strong>, (\u0130ngilizce: Gyroscope, Gyro<\/em>) veya Yalpal\u0131k, Cayroskop, Cayro<\/strong>, y\u00f6n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc veya ayarlamas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan, a\u00e7\u0131sal dengenin korunmas\u0131 ilkesiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir alettir. Jiroskopik hareketin temeli fizik kurallar\u0131na ve merkezka\u00e7 ilkesine dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pusulay\u0131 kim icat etti. Pusulan\u0131n icad\u0131 ile ilgili bilgiler M.\u00d6. ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7in medeniyetini g\u00f6steriyor. Ancak eski bir Meksika medeniyeti olan Olmekler’in M.\u00d6. 1000 li y\u0131llarda pusula kulland\u0131klar\u0131na dair rivayetler…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5768,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[941,943,940,939,942,938,944,945],"class_list":["post-422","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gezi","tag-cayro","tag-demir","tag-edmund-halley","tag-jiroskop","tag-manyetik","tag-pusula","tag-pusulanin-icadi","tag-pusulayi-kim-icat-etti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/422"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=422"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/422\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7228,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/422\/revisions\/7228"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5768"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}