Eskiden zaman ile ilgili kavramlar g\u00fcne\u015f ve ay d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc gibi baz\u0131 astronomik olaylar\u0131n \u00e7evrimi ile e\u015fitlendi\u011fi gibi hasat zaman\u0131, sular\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi ve \u00e7ekilmesi gibi do\u011fal olaylar \u00fczerinden de belirlenebilmekte idi. \u00d6rnek olarak \u0130lk\u00a0Babil\u00a0takvimleri kameri ay\u0131, yani birbirini takip eden iki\u00a0dolunay\u00a0aras\u0131ndaki 29,5 g\u00fcnl\u00fck d\u00f6nemi esas alan bir sistemdi.\u00a0Eski\u00a0Roma’da bilinen ay isimleri Ven\u00fcs, Mars, ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden Terminus ve gen\u00e7lik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden Iuventas’t\u0131; di\u011fer ay adlar\u0131 sonradan say\u0131yla verilmi\u015f ve daha sonra da baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6zel adlar alm\u0131\u015f ve bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, bug\u00fcne kadar say\u0131yla gelmi\u015ftir. Peki ay adlar\u0131n\u0131 kim buldu, ay adlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keni neye dayan\u0131yor?<\/p>\n
Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede de ay adlar\u0131 Aramay, ikindi ay, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00e7 ay, t\u00f6rt\u00fcn\u00e7 ay… \u015feklindedir. Malaya dilinde de yerli geleneksel olan rakaml\u0131 ay adlar\u0131yla \u0130ngilizceden al\u0131nan adlar bir arada kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu yerinde Miladi takvim kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve bunun etkisiyle ay adlar\u0131 J\u00fclyen veya Gregoryen takvimden kaynaklanan adlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’dan Afrika’ya, Rus\u00e7a etkisiyle Sibirya’ya kadar k\u00f6keni Roma’ya dayanan ay adlar\u0131 benimsenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Anadolu’da ay adlar\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermekle birlikte baz\u0131 adlar, \u00f6rne\u011fin karak\u0131\u015f, zemheri, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, april \u00c7o\u011fu b\u00f6lgede ortakt\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca \u0130stanbul kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n eski takvimine de\u011finirsek, ay adlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: Muharrem’den ba\u015flayarak A\u015fure, Safer, B\u00fcy\u00fck Mevl\u00fct, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Mevl\u00fct, B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00f6vbe, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck T\u00f6vbe, Recep, \u015eaban, Rama-zan, \u015eeker Bayram\u0131, Aral\u0131k, Kurban Bayram\u0131. Dilde T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirme ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra ay adlar\u0131 \u00f6nce Birinci Te\u015frin, \u0130kinci Te\u015frin bi\u00e7imine sokulmu\u015f, 1945’te kanunla Ekim, Kas\u0131m, Aral\u0131k, Ocak adlar\u0131 konularak bug\u00fcnk\u00fc haline getirilmi\u015ftir. Son kabul edilen \u015fekliyle de ay adlar\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 katman kendisini g\u00f6stermektedir: K\u00f6keni S\u00fcmer-Asur-Babillilere dayanan S\u00fcryanice, Latince ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e. Eski y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 olan mart ay\u0131ndan ba\u015flarsak, bu adlar\u0131n anlamlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
Mart<\/strong>: Babil takviminde Abdaru, S\u00fcryanice Adar. Rumi takvimde de Mart’t\u0131r; Latince Martius, sava\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Mars’\u0131n ad\u0131ndan.<\/p>\n Nisan<\/strong>: Babil-S\u00fcryani takviminden, Rumi takvimde Nisan, Latince Aprilis, apricare, g\u00fcne\u015flenmek, g\u00fcne\u015fte \u0131s\u0131nmak s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden<\/p>\n May\u0131s<\/strong>: Babil-S\u00fcryani takviminde Ayru. Rumi takvimde May\u0131s, La-tince Maius, Maima Mercurius’un annesi, bitkileri b\u00fcy\u00fcten ay.<\/p>\n Haziran<\/strong>: S\u00fcryanice; Latince Iunius, juvenis gen\u00e7 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden.<\/p>\n Temmuz<\/strong>: S\u00fcmerce “dam” kad\u0131n, e\u015f, “Dumuzi” S\u00fcmer \u00fcreme tanr\u0131s\u0131 ve festivali, Eski. M\u0131s\u0131r’da “dama” bir araya getirme, Sanskrit\u00e7ede “dam”, ev, e\u015f; Latince domina han\u0131m, Demeter tar\u0131m tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Antik Mezopotamya dillerinde ortak ay ad\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede halen dam\u0131zl\u0131k s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ayn\u0131 anlam\u0131yla ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Latince \u00f6nce be\u015finci ay anlam\u0131nda Quintilifti, sonra j\u00fclyen takvimi d\u00f6neminde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi i\u00e7in onun onuruna lullus Caesar’\u0131n ad\u0131ndan itilit\u0131s ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Halk takviminde orak.<\/p>\n A\u011fustos<\/strong>: Babil-S\u00fcryan\u0131 takviminde Ab, Abu. Rumi takvimde A\u011fustos. Latince alt\u0131nc\u0131 ay anlam\u0131nda Sext\u0131l\u0131s, sonra Octavianus Augustus’tan Augustus ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n Eyl\u00fcl<\/strong>: Babil takv\u0131m\u0131nde Ulul, S\u00fcryanice Eyl\u00fcl. Latince yedinci ay anlam\u0131nda September. Halk takviminde \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck.<\/p>\n Ekim<\/strong>: Rumi takvimde Te\u015frin-i evvel. Asl\u0131 S\u00fcryan\u0131ce Ti\u015frin. Latince sekizinci ay anlam\u0131nda October. Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde avara ay\u0131.<\/p>\n Kas\u0131m<\/strong>: Arap\u00e7a “b\u00f6len” anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r, k\u0131s\u0131m s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten gelir. Rumi takvimde Te\u015frini sani. Latince dokuzuncu ay anlam\u0131nda November.<\/p>\n Aral\u0131k<\/strong>: Mant\u0131k olarak kas\u0131mla ayn\u0131 kabul edilebilir. Rumi takvim-de ad\u0131 Kanun-i evvel yani “kanun” ocak, mangal demek oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re birinci, ilk ocakt\u0131. Latince onuncu ay anlam\u0131nda December. Halk takviminde karak\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Ocak<\/strong>: Rumi takvimde Kanuni sani, ikinci ocak ay\u0131yd\u0131. Latince on birinci ay anlam\u0131nda Undecim’di, sonra Ianus Taklar Tanr\u0131s\u0131’mn ad\u0131ndan ianua, kap\u0131, giri\u015f anlam\u0131nda Ianuarius ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Halk takvimincie zemheri.<\/p>\n \u015eubat<\/strong>: Babil takviminde Sabadu, S\u00fcryanilerde \u015eubat. Latince on ikinci ay anlam\u0131nda Duodecim’di, sonra februum ar\u0131nd\u0131rma s\u00f6zc\u00fc-g\u00fcnden ad\u0131n\u0131 alan Februa ar\u0131nd\u0131rma festivali, g\u00fcnah kefareti olarak kurban kesme d\u00f6nemi olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Februarius ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Halk takviminde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Eskiden zaman ile ilgili kavramlar g\u00fcne\u015f ve ay d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc gibi baz\u0131 astronomik olaylar\u0131n \u00e7evrimi ile e\u015fitlendi\u011fi gibi hasat zaman\u0131, sular\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi ve \u00e7ekilmesi gibi do\u011fal olaylar \u00fczerinden de belirlenebilmekte idi….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,22],"tags":[1813,1814,1812],"class_list":["post-4425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","category-toplum","tag-ay-adlari","tag-ay-isismleri","tag-aylar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4425"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4425"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4425\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6534,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4425\/revisions\/6534"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4425"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}