Makarna deyince akla \u0130talyanlar gelir. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde en fazla makarna \u00e7e\u015fidi \u0130talyanlarda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Hatta bu \u00a0\u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlilik \u0130talya’daki makarna t\u00fcrlerini hangi \u015fehrin buldu\u011fu kavgas\u0131na bile neden olur…<\/p>\n
Makarnan\u0131n Marco Polo tara-f\u0131ndan \u00c7in’den 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda italya’ya getirildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir ama \u00fcnl\u00fc seyahatnamede yaln\u0131zca \u00c7in’deki ekmek a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilmektedir; yoksa a\u011fac\u0131n unundan “pasta” yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve Marco Polo’nun \u00c7in’de \u015fehriye ve benzerlerini yemesinde \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir y\u00f6n yoktur.<\/p>\n
“Pasta” \u0130talyancada ekmek veya kuru pasta, un \u00e7orbas\u0131 veya lapas\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f hamur demektir, zaten bu y\u00fczy\u0131lda makarna, spagetti veya “vermicelli” yoktur.\u00a0“Espresso” (bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f), “canelloni” (b\u00fcy\u00fck boru), “ravioli” (k\u00fc-\u00e7\u00fck \u015falgam), “spaghetti” (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck iplik), “tutti frutti” (b\u00fct\u00fcn meyve-ler), “vermicelli” (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck solucan), “lasagna” (tava), “parmesan” (Parmal\u0131), “minestrone” (\u00e7ukur) \u0130talyanlar\u0131n d\u00fcnya lokantalar\u0131na kendi adlar\u0131yla tan\u0131tt\u0131klar\u0131 makarna \u00e7e\u015fitleri…<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de eri\u015fte (Fars\u00e7a “ri\u015fta”), tarhana (Fars\u00e7a “terhuv\u00e2ne”), \u015fehriye (Arap\u00e7a “\u015fa’r”) ve g\u00f6\u00e7ebe k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne \u00e7ok uygun mant\u0131 (\u00c7ince “mantu”) yemekleri ge\u00e7mi\u015fe do\u011fru gidildik\u00e7e \u0130talyan makarnalar\u0131yla ve bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkenin hamur, hatta bu\u011fday yerine pirin\u00e7, fasulye, soya unu kullan\u0131lan yemekleriyle benze\u015fir.<\/p>\n
Makarnan\u0131n Commedia dell’Arte kahraman\u0131 Mascherone’nin ad\u0131ndan, Imparator III. Frederick’in (1515-1576) bir \u015f\u00f6lende kendisine sunulan makarnay\u0131 be\u011fenip Yunanca “makarios” (ho\u015fnut) demesinden ve-ya Napolili bir prensin “si buoni ma caroni” (\u0130talyanca bozuk olmakla birlikte, “g\u00fczel ama pahal\u0131”) demesinden geldi\u011fi gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00f6neri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130talyan \u015fehirleri aras\u0131nda makarna kavgas\u0131 17. y\u00fczy\u0131la uzanmaktad\u0131r. 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda makarna \u00e7e\u015fitleri yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, fakat \u00f6rne\u011fin 1481’de ravioli makarnadan \u00e7ok mant\u0131y\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmaktad\u0131r. Et, peynir, yumurta ve ot doldurulan hamurlu yemek, daha \u00e7ok bug\u00fcnk\u00fc “canneloni” gibidir. Spagettinin Napoli’de kitlesel \u00fcretime ge\u00e7ilip ah\u015fap \u00e7er\u00e7eveler i\u00e7inde g\u00fcne\u015fte kurutulmas\u0131 ise 1800’leri bulmu\u015ftur. 1830’lara kadar hamur elle yo\u011frulurken kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma makinesinin geli\u015ftirilmesi makarna \u00fcretimini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130talyan as\u0131ll\u0131 New Yorklu Hector Boiardi \u015fi\u015fede spagetti, teneke kutuda ravioli sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u015flayarak 1920’lerde makarnay\u0131 g\u0131da sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc haline getirdi ve kurdu\u011fu zincirle b\u00fcy\u00fck bakkallara da\u011f\u0131tmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1940’larda \u0130talyan makarnas\u0131 restoranlara, makarna fabrikalar\u0131 kurulunca da evlere girdi.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye de makarna bi\u00e7imine g\u00f6re d\u00fcd\u00fck, fiyonk, \u00e7ubuk, \u015fehriye veya i\u00e7indekilere g\u00f6re domatesli, yumurta”, baharatl\u0131 olarak isimlendirilir. Yurt \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00fcn yapan ilk makarna fabrikalar\u0131 Piyale (1942), Ece (1954), Ruh’un Ankara Makarnas\u0131 (1959), Ulukartard\u0131r (1961). Zay\u0131flama diyetlerinin her g\u00fcn bas\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem, makarna \u015fi\u015fmanlatmas\u0131 nedeniyle kara listeye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcreticilerini kar\u015f\u0131 kampanya d\u00fczenlemeye mecbur etmi\u015fti ama, makarnan\u0131n mutfaktaki yeri \u00e7ok sa\u011flamd\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Makarna deyince akla \u0130talyanlar gelir. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde en fazla makarna \u00e7e\u015fidi \u0130talyanlarda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Hatta bu \u00a0\u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlilik \u0130talya’daki makarna t\u00fcrlerini hangi \u015fehrin buldu\u011fu kavgas\u0131na bile neden olur… Makarnan\u0131n Marco Polo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[1818,1819],"class_list":["post-4439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yiyecek-icecek","tag-makarna","tag-spagetti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4439"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4439"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4457,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4439\/revisions\/4457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}