Sobay\u0131 kim icat etti? Sobalar, ocaklar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fc kapat\u0131l\u0131p pi\u015firme sistemleri geli\u015ftirilirken, daha \u00e7ok G\u00fcney Avrupa’da su \u0131s\u0131tma ve y\u0131kanma suyunun \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in \u00fcretildi. Ama ocaktan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zla\u015fan ger\u00e7ek soban\u0131n mucitleri Kuzeylilerdir. \u0130skandinavya ve Rusya’da, en fazla \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n elde edilmesine yarayan demir levhalar as\u0131lm\u0131\u015f uzun boru ve bacalar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fken, ilk d\u00f6kme demir soba, \u0131zgaras\u0131 bulunmayan bir “kutu”dan ibaret de olsa, 1642’de ABD’de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Latin dillerinde (\u0130talyanca “stuba”, Fran-s\u0131zca “etuve”, \u0130spanyolca “estufa”) oldu\u011fu gibi onlardan etkilenen Eski Ingilizcede de “stuba” \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan oda, buhar odas\u0131 anlamlar\u0131na geliyordu, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlam\u0131n\u0131 (stove) 1600’lerden itibaren kazand\u0131. Germen ve Balt\u0131k dilleri de ayn\u0131 geli\u015fimi izlerler ve “soba” bi\u00e7imi Balkan ve \u00f6zellikle Macarca t\u00fcrevlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Macarcada bug\u00fcn do\u011frudan oda anlam\u0131na gelen “soba” s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Bulgarca, Romence, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f Yunanca ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede ortakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kat\u0131 yak\u0131tl\u0131 odun ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr, s\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131tl\u0131 gaz ve mazot sobalar\u0131ndan sonra havagaz\u0131, propan ve b\u00fctan gaz\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sobalar da \u00fcretildi. Soban\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’ye giri\u015fi Tanzimat’tan sonra Avrupa yoluyla oldu ve konaklarda gerekli d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131larak zamanla yay\u0131ld\u0131. Resmi dairelerde soba kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. 1877 tarihli Vilayat Belediye Kanunu’nda soba borular\u0131n\u0131n sa\u00e7aktan yukar\u0131ya uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 belediye-nin koydu\u011fu kurallar aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan, Hz. Muhammed zaman\u0131nda yoktu diye sobay\u0131 bidat sayarak mangalda diretenler \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Yahudi din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n tavr\u0131 da bundan farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130stanbul hahamlar\u0131n\u0131n, 1895’te Hask\u00f6y’de a\u00e7\u0131lan Yahudi ilkokulu \u015eule-i Maarif’de haham adaylar\u0131n\u0131n da okuyabilmeleri i\u00e7in ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri \u015fartlar aras\u0131nda, okulda Frenk icad\u0131 soba yerine mangal kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Soban\u0131n Anadolu’ya ikinci giri\u015f yeri ise Rusya’yd\u0131. Erzurum ve Do\u011fu Karadeniz’de Rus\u00e7a ad\u0131yla “pe\u00e7ko” k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede k\u00f6ylere kadar yay\u0131ld\u0131. Yine Karadeniz ve Kuzey Do\u011fu Anadolu’da hazneli kuzine\u00a0ile duvarlardan ge\u00e7me borulu bir t\u00fcr kalorifer\u00a0sistemli soba yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00f6kme, sac, tu\u011fla, \u00e7ini sobalar yerli\u00a0zanaatkarlar\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0\u00fcretilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ini sobalar zengin konaklar\u0131 ile\u00a0\u00f6nemli\u00a0devlet dairelerinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Yurt \u00e7ap\u0131nda soba \u00fcretimi yapan\u00a0Z\u00fcmre sobalar\u0131yla\u00a0“T\u00fcrk Sanayi-i Harbiye ve Madeniye” fabrikat\u00f6r\u00fc\u00a0\u015eakir Z\u00fcmre oldu. 1920’de kurulan \u015eakir Z\u00fcmre Madeni E\u015fya Fabrikas\u0131 ‘n\u0131n\u00a0sahibi \u015eakir Z\u00fcmre Varna’da do\u011fmu\u015f ve Bulgaristan parlamentosunda milletvekilli\u011fi de yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; 1966’da \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Sobalarda genellikle odun, Karadeniz’de ayr\u0131ca f\u0131nd\u0131k kabu\u011fu yak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Maden k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc i\u015fletmeleri a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131nca ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve linyit sobalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Son d\u00f6nemde gaz sobalar\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131rken, b\u00fcy\u00fck merkezlerde\u00a0kalorifer soban\u0131n, fueloil ve do\u011falgazsa\u00a0k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn yerini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sobay\u0131 kim icat etti? Sobalar, ocaklar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fc kapat\u0131l\u0131p pi\u015firme sistemleri geli\u015ftirilirken, daha \u00e7ok G\u00fcney Avrupa’da su \u0131s\u0131tma ve y\u0131kanma suyunun \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in \u00fcretildi. Ama ocaktan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zla\u015fan ger\u00e7ek soban\u0131n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10315,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[1114],"class_list":["post-4477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ev","tag-soba"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4477"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4477"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4477\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10316,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4477\/revisions\/10316"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10315"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}