{"id":469,"date":"2010-12-28T21:20:09","date_gmt":"2010-12-28T19:20:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=469"},"modified":"2018-09-28T01:14:46","modified_gmt":"2018-09-27T23:14:46","slug":"hesap-makinesini-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=469","title":{"rendered":"Hesap Makinesini kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/abakusu-kim-buldu\/\">Abak\u00fcslerin<\/a> M.\u00d6. 2000&#8217;den \u00f6nce matematiksel hesap yapmakta S\u00fcmerler ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan ilk aletler olduklar\u0131 biliniyor. Hesap yapmak i\u00e7in bir \u00e7ok icat yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, Antikythera mekanizmas\u0131 (&#8220;zaman\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda&#8221; astronomik bir cihaz), geometrik-askeri pusula (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/galileo-galilei-kimdir\/\">Galileo<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/logaritmayi-kim-buldu\/\">logaritma<\/a> ve Napier kemikleri (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/john-napier-kimdir\/\">John Napier<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan) ve Kayma kural\u0131 (Edmund Gunter) gibi isimler hesaplamada cihaz kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan yard\u0131m alan mucitlerdir.<\/p>\n<h2>Hesap makinesini kim icat etti<\/h2>\n<p>Hesap makinesini kimin icat etti\u011fi konusu ile ilgili\u00a0birka\u00e7 isimden bahsedilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>1623 y\u0131l\u0131nda Alman astronom <strong>Wilhelm Schickard<\/strong> ilk kez d\u00f6rt i\u015flemi bir arada yapabilen hesap makinesini Almanya\u2019daki Heidelberg \u00dcniversitesinde geli\u015ftirdi. Arkada\u015f\u0131 astronom Kepler&#8217;e bir mektup yazm\u0131\u015f ve bu mektupta toplama, \u00e7\u0131karma, b\u00f6lme ve \u00e7arpma i\u015flemlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilecek bir hesap cihaz\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>Schickard geli\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ara\u00e7 ile astronomi, matematik, alan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri, y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc hesaplama ve haritac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemlerinde kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geli\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu cihaz olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k ve herkesin kolayl\u0131kla kullanamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sistemine sahipti. 1680 y\u0131l\u0131nda, mektuptaki bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda benzer bir alet geli\u015ftirildi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Tek bir i\u015flem yapabilen ilk hesap makinesi, 1642&#8217;de\u00a0Frans\u0131z matematik\u00e7i ve filozofu <strong>Blaise Pascal<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. O y\u0131l hen\u00fcz 19 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan Pascal, zamanla ayn\u0131 makineyi \u00e7\u0131kartma da yapabilecek \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n<h2>Hesap Makinesini kim icat etti<\/h2>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Leonardo da Vinci de bir mekanik hesap makinesi prototipi \u00e7izmi\u015fti ve uzmanlar onun da rahatl\u0131kla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. Ancak bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131ya g\u00f6re hesap makinelerinin babas\u0131 Frans\u0131z matematik\u00e7i <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/blaise-pascal-kimdir\/\"><strong>Blaise Pascal<\/strong><\/a>. Vergi memuru olan babas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 1642 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ilk mekanik hesap makinesini geli\u015ftirdi. \u00c7e\u015fitli tekerlek bilyelerden olu\u015fan bu makine sadece toplama ve \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemlerini yapabiliyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Gottfried <strong>Wilhelm Leibniz<\/strong> 1671 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6rt i\u015flemi yapabilen mekanik bir ayg\u0131t geli\u015ftirdi.\u00a0<strong>Charles Xavier Thomas<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n icat etti\u011fi <strong>Aritmometre<\/strong> adl\u0131 hesap makinesi <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/matematigi-kim-buldu\/\">matematikte <\/a>d\u00f6rt i\u015flemi ve karek\u00f6k alma i\u015flemlerini yapabiliyordu.<\/p>\n<p>1820&#8217;de <strong>Thomas de Colmar<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan Fransa&#8217;da ticari olarak sat\u0131labilecek ilk hesap makinesinin patenti al\u0131nd\u0131. Tasar\u0131m\u0131, Avrupa \u00e7ap\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131. 1877&#8217;de Grant Mechanical Calculating Machine do\u011fdu ve 1886&#8217;da P100 Burroughs adl\u0131 hesap makinesi geldi. 1948 y\u0131l\u0131na cep boyutunda bir hesap makinesi\u00a0olan Curta hesap makinesi\u00a0piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Hesap_makinesi_t.C3.BCrleri\" class=\"mw-headline\">Hesap Makinesi t\u00fcrleri<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u015eeritli hesap makinesi\u00a0: Genelde muhasebe alan\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan, denetimi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ka\u011f\u0131da bask\u0131 yapabilen hesap makinesi<\/li>\n<li>Cep hesap makinesi\u00a0: D\u00f6rt ana i\u015flemle beraber en az aritmetik i\u015flevleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilen en basit ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlu hesap makinesi<\/li>\n<li>Yaz\u0131l\u0131mlanabilir hesap makinesi: Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k hesaplar\u0131n tek tu\u015fa yaz\u0131l\u0131mlanarak i\u015flemlerin h\u0131zla yap\u0131labildi\u011fi hesap makinesi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abak\u00fcslerin M.\u00d6. 2000&#8217;den \u00f6nce matematiksel hesap yapmakta S\u00fcmerler ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan ilk aletler olduklar\u0131 biliniyor. Hesap yapmak i\u00e7in bir \u00e7ok icat yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, Antikythera mekanizmas\u0131 (&#8220;zaman\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda&#8221;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8423,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[2793,1150,284,981,2791,2792],"class_list":["post-469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","tag-blaise-pascal","tag-hesap","tag-hesap-makinesi","tag-makine","tag-wilhelm-leibniz","tag-wilhelm-schickard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/469"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=469"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/469\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12040,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/469\/revisions\/12040"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}