{"id":4713,"date":"2015-03-19T00:01:27","date_gmt":"2015-03-18T22:01:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=4713"},"modified":"2018-08-29T16:46:13","modified_gmt":"2018-08-29T14:46:13","slug":"rakiyi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=4713","title":{"rendered":"Rak\u0131y\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rak\u0131y\u0131 kim icat etti, <\/strong>Rak\u0131n\u0131n sofras\u0131 olur, meclis i\u00e7kisidir. Mercimek Ahmet “meze, \u00e7erez d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc olma” \u00f6\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcnde bulunur ama sofrada bol \u00e7e\u015fit evde de d\u0131\u015far\u0131da da rak\u0131yla aran\u0131r. Rak\u0131y\u0131 saki koyar, ilk damlas\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Eskinin \u015farap meclisi bug\u00fcn rak\u0131yla devam eder. \u015earap bug\u00fcn ucuzlu\u011fu nedeniyle ya \u00f6\u011frencilerin veya toplum d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade eden “\u015farap\u00e7\u0131”lar\u0131n i\u00e7kisidir. \u00d6zel kutlama g\u00fcnlerinin veya l\u00fcks yerlerin \u015farab\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 bir tarz\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n

Rak\u0131 yenidir<\/strong>, eski Osmanl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7mez. Arap\u00e7a “arak ‘tan geldi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve arak Orta Asya’ya kadar girmi\u015ft\u0130r, \u00c7incede de arak s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vard\u0131r. 1526’da Delhi Sultan\u0131’n\u0131n \u015farap yerine pirin\u00e7ten yap\u0131lan arak i\u00e7ti\u011fi biliniyor. 1638’de Gucerat’ta arak i\u00e7ildi\u011fi saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Orta Asya’ya kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan arak\u0131n rak\u0131yla ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir. Rak\u0131<\/strong>, Avrupa’da 17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren t\u00fcketimi artan ve art\u0131k kendi t\u00fcrleriyle bug\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumun i\u00e7kisi olarak mayalanm\u0131\u015f i\u00e7kilerle bir kopu\u015fu ifade eden ispirtolu i\u00e7ki s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na girer. Evliya \u00c7elebi’nin zaman\u0131nda yayg\u0131n bir i\u00e7ki olan ve esrarla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak bozahanelerde i\u00e7ildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan boza veya IV. Murad’\u0131n yasa\u011f\u0131na hedef olan \u015farap, eski toplumun i\u00e7kileridir.<\/p>\n

Sak\u0131zl\u0131 rak\u0131 “mastika<\/strong>” ve anasonlu saf rak\u0131 “d\u00fcziko<\/strong>“, adlar\u0131ndan da belli oldu\u011fu \u00fczere \u0130stanbullu Rumlar\u0131n icad\u0131d\u0131r. Yunanistan’da da “uzo<\/strong>” \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Anadolu’da “bo\u011fma” rak\u0131 ve Tekirda\u011f’\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc bo\u011fma incir rak\u0131s\u0131, Tekel’in kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra y\u0131llarca ka\u00e7ak \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Tekel rak\u0131y\u0131 tescil \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na nihayet ba\u015flayarak, 70 lik ve 35’lik rak\u0131dan sonra litrelik Tekirda\u011f rak\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da \u00fcretti. \u0130lk rak\u0131 fabrikas\u0131n\u0131 yabanc\u0131 sermaye kurdu. Bomonti karde\u015fler daha \u00f6nceki bira fabrikalar\u0131ndan sonra 1912 de \u0130zmir Halkal\u0131’da rak\u0131 fabrikas\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131lar. 1922’de kurulan bir fabrika Tekel taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilemedi ve y\u00f6netimi 1926’da bir Polonya \u015firketine verildi. 1929’da Tekel bu \u015firketin b\u00fct\u00fcn imalathanelerini devrald\u0131 ve 1931’de Diyarbak\u0131r’da, 1933’te Antep’te rak\u0131 fabr\u0131kalar\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. 1940’ta Ayd\u0131n bira fabrikas\u0131n\u0131 alarak burada da rak\u0131 \u00fcretimine ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn de rak\u0131 \u00fcretti\u011fi d\u00f6nemde 10, 25, 50 ve 100 santilitrelik rak\u0131lar da vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tekel bir ara rak\u0131 t\u00fcketimini azaltmak i\u00e7in rak\u0131y\u0131 iki litrelik \u015fi\u015felerle piyasaya verdi\u011fi gibi, 1946’da da ispirto kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in rak\u0131y\u0131 ucuzlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bug\u00fcn eskinin limonata barda\u011f\u0131 rak\u0131 barda\u011f\u0131 olarak biliniyor, karafaki birka\u00e7 lokantada kald\u0131. Fakat art\u0131k topluca veya tek tek i\u00e7kiler i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu gibi, rak\u0131 adab\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011freten kitaplar da yaz\u0131lm\u0131yor de\u011fil.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rak\u0131y\u0131 kim icat etti, Rak\u0131n\u0131n sofras\u0131 olur, meclis i\u00e7kisidir. Mercimek Ahmet “meze, \u00e7erez d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc olma” \u00f6\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcnde bulunur ama sofrada bol \u00e7e\u015fit evde de d\u0131\u015far\u0131da da rak\u0131yla aran\u0131r. Rak\u0131y\u0131 saki koyar,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11764,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[1949,1947,1950,1948],"class_list":["post-4713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eglence","tag-mastika","tag-raki","tag-uzo","tag-yeni-raki"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4713"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4713"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10106,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4713\/revisions\/10106"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}