{"id":486,"date":"2010-12-28T21:34:16","date_gmt":"2010-12-28T19:34:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=486"},"modified":"2018-02-28T22:47:14","modified_gmt":"2018-02-28T20:47:14","slug":"baraji-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=486","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lk Baraj\u0131 nerede, ne zaman yap\u0131ld\u0131, kimler yapt\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki ilk barajlar, Ortado\u011fu&#8217;daki nehirlerin vadilerinde, o y\u00f6renin insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. Mevsim ya\u011fmurlar\u0131n\u0131n denetim alt\u0131na al\u0131narak, sellerin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi gerekiyordu. Aksi halde, o y\u00f6relerde insanlar\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131 olanaks\u0131zd\u0131. Oysa, insanlar\u0131n orada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hatta tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>Bilinen en eski baraj, M.\u00d6. 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r&#8217;da, Garavi Vadisi&#8217;nde yap\u0131ld\u0131. Toprak baraj\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu 116 metreydi. Bizans tarih\u00e7isi Prokopius, M.S. 560 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, Pers s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda Daras Baraj\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z eder. Prokopius&#8217;un yazd\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u0130mparator Justinyen&#8217;in mimarlar\u0131ndan Krisis, baraj\u0131, her iki ucundan ta\u015f duvarlar \u00f6rerek yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130spanya&#8217;da b\u00fcy\u00fck barajlar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k oluyoruz. Bunlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan Alicante Baraj\u0131, 1594&#8217;te yap\u0131ld\u0131. Tibi Bo\u011faz\u0131&#8217;n\u0131 kapayan baraj, bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>Baraj<\/b>, eski zamanlardan beri insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak ve tar\u0131msal alanlar\u0131n sulanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla in\u015faa edilen su yap\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn modern barajlar\u0131 stratejik \u00f6neme sahiplerdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enerji \u00fcretiminde geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck pay sahibidirler.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dclkenin tar\u0131msal hayat\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/li>\n<li>Ta\u015fk\u0131n \u00f6nleme amac\u0131yla in\u015faa edildiklerinden, y\u0131k\u0131lmalar\u0131 halinde b\u00fcy\u00fck alanlarda su bask\u0131nlar\u0131 ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bir \u00fclkenin enerji \u00fcretiminin en do\u011fal ve en ucuz yoludur. Hidroelektrik enerji \u00fcreten barajlar, di\u011fer enerji \u00fcretim t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re daha \u00e7evrecidirler. Yaln\u0131z son zamanlarda b\u00fcy\u00fck barajlar\u0131n in\u015faalar\u0131 durdurulmu\u015ftur. Alansal olarak \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck barajlar, bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgenin iklimini de\u011fi\u015ftirmekte ve ekolojik dengeyi de\u011fi\u015ftirmektedirler.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zellikle bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan yerlerde ta\u015fk\u0131n \u00f6nleme amac\u0131yla ba\u011flamalar, barajlar ve g\u00f6letler in\u015faa edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Tar\u0131msal arazilerin sulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Barajlardan arazilere a\u00e7\u0131lan kanallarla su ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Akarsulardan akan suyun elektrik \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in biriktirilmesi, yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 y\u0131ld\u0131r uygulanan bir y\u00f6ntem. Barajlar\u0131n da dahil oldu\u011fu elektrik \u00fcretim sistemine hidroelektrik santral diyoruz. \u00c7o\u011fu hidroelektrik santral, d\u00f6rt ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur. Baraj-t\u00fcrbin-jenerat\u00f6r-enerji iletim hatt\u0131. Baraj sayesinde akarsuyun su d\u00fczeyi y\u00fckseltilir, \u00e7ok miktarda suyun birikti\u011fi geni\u015f bir baraj g\u00f6l\u00fc yarat\u0131l\u0131r. Baraj\u0131n g\u00f6l taraf\u0131na bakan duvar\u0131n\u0131n alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda, suyun di\u011fer tarafa ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flayan, iste\u011fe g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapanabilen kapaklar vard\u0131r. Kapaklar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, su a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru e\u011fimli olan yoldan h\u0131zla akmaya ba\u015flar ve yolunun \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcrbinin pervanelerine \u00e7arparak d\u00f6nmelerini sa\u011flar. Bir t\u00fcrbin 172 ton a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olabilir ve dakikada 90 tam devir yapabilir. Su t\u00fcrbinler, yap\u0131 olarak yel de\u011firmenlerine benzer. Tek farklar\u0131,d\u00f6nmeyi sa\u011flayan enerji kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n r\u00fczgar de\u011fil, su olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcrbin, hareket eden suyun kinetik enerjisini mekanik enerjiye \u00e7evirir. T\u00fcrbin \u015faft denen bir \u00e7ubukla jenerat\u00f6re, yani elektri\u011fi \u00fcreten motora ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrbinin hareketiyle jenerat\u00f6r\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki bir dizi elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s d\u00f6nmeye ba\u015flar. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck elektrom\u0131knat\u0131slar bir bak\u0131r tel bobininin i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Jenerat\u00f6rdeki m\u0131knat\u0131slarla bobinin aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan manyetik alan, bir elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcretir. B\u00f6ylece t\u00fcrbinden gelen mekanik enerji elektrik enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Burada olu\u015fan ak\u0131mda transformat\u00f6rle y\u00fcksek voltajl\u0131 ak\u0131m haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Daha sonra da enerji nakil hatlar\u0131yla evlere ve i\u015fyerlerine iletilir. Baraj g\u00f6l\u00fcnden al\u0131narak t\u00fcrbini d\u00f6nd\u00fcren suysa boru hatlar\u0131yla d\u0131\u015far\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve tekrar akarsuya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki ilk barajlar, Ortado\u011fu&#8217;daki nehirlerin vadilerinde, o y\u00f6renin insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. Mevsim ya\u011fmurlar\u0131n\u0131n denetim alt\u0131na al\u0131narak, sellerin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi gerekiyordu. Aksi halde, o y\u00f6relerde insanlar\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131 olanaks\u0131zd\u0131. Oysa, insanlar\u0131n orada&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10566,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88,22],"tags":[296],"class_list":["post-486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarim","category-toplum","tag-baraj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/486"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=486"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/486\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10567,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/486\/revisions\/10567"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}