Deterjan dedi\u011fimiz sentetik kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlarla k\u0131yaslan\u0131rsa, sabun \u00e7ok daha yetersiz bir temizleyicidir. Deterjan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan hidrofilik atomlar, suyu \u00e7ok severler. Yine deterjandaki hidrofobik denilen bir grup atom da, sudan hi\u00e7 ho\u015flanmaz. Bu son gruba giren atomlar, kendilerini ya\u011flara ve \u00f6teki kirlere ba\u011flarlar. Sonra suyu seven hidrofilik atomlar, ya\u011fl\u0131 ve kirli hidrofolik atomlar\u0131 temizleyerek g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z teknik bilgiyi ilk ke\u015ffeden Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 kimyac\u0131 A. Reychler<\/strong> oldu. Onun 1913 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bulu\u015fundan sonra, 1917’de Almanya’da Nekal ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ilk ticari deterjan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130lk deterjan \u00fcretimi 1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alman kimyac\u0131 Charles Frederick Gunther , naftalini alkille\u015ftirerek elde etti\u011fi maddeyi s\u00fclfonlam\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece ilk deterjan\u0131n aktif maddesini elde etmi\u015ftir. Bunu sonraki y\u0131llarda \u00f6zellikle Alman kimyac\u0131lar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 takip etmi\u015f ve 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda Henkel’in Fewa<\/b> ve Procter and Gamble’\u0131n Dreft<\/b> markalar\u0131yla piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u011f alkol\u00fc s\u00fclfat\u0131 bazl\u0131 deterjanlar ilk deterjanlar olarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda deterjan \u00fcretimi h\u0131zla artt\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, temizlenmesi gereken bir\u00e7ok \u00fcniforma vard\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n, suyun hi\u00e7 k\u00f6p\u00fcrmedi\u011fi tuzlu sularda y\u0131kanmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. S\u0131radan deterjanlar, baz\u0131 proteinleri, \u00f6rne\u011fin yumurtay\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ramad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, temizleyemezler. Bu t\u00fcr proteinleri yaln\u0131z baz\u0131 enzimler ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir. 1967’den itibaren deterjanlara bu ama\u00e7la baz\u0131 enzimler eklendi. Bunun ilk uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 ABD’nin Ohio eyaletinde faaliyet g\u00f6steren Proctor and Gamble<\/strong> adl\u0131 \u015firket yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn bat\u0131da \u00fcretilen deterjanlar\u0131n\u00a0%50-60’\u0131 end\u00fcstride ve temizlik amac\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck kurulu\u015flarda,\u00a0%25-30’u temizlik amac\u0131yla evlerde ve geri kalan\u0131 kozmetik ve ki\u015fisel bak\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin form\u00fclasyonlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Deterjan<\/b>, petrol t\u00fcrevlerinden elde edilen, temizleme, ar\u0131tma \u00f6zelli\u011fi bulunan, toz, s\u0131v\u0131 veya krem durumunda olabilen kimyasal madde, ar\u0131t\u0131c\u0131. Deterjan\u0131n, kelime anlam\u0131 kir s\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc olup sabun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki temizleyicilerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kapsar. Y\u00fczey aktif \u00f6zelli\u011fi nedeniyle temizleme i\u015flerinde kullan\u0131lan, i\u00e7inde yard\u0131mc\u0131 kimyasal maddeler de bulunduran kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlara deterjan denilmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Deterjan dedi\u011fimiz sentetik kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlarla k\u0131yaslan\u0131rsa, sabun \u00e7ok daha yetersiz bir temizleyicidir. Deterjan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan hidrofilik atomlar, suyu \u00e7ok severler. Yine deterjandaki hidrofobik denilen bir grup atom da, sudan hi\u00e7 ho\u015flanmaz….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10563,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,20],"tags":[297,2790,2041],"class_list":["post-488","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","category-ev","tag-deterjan","tag-proctor-and-gamble","tag-temizlik-maddesi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/488"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=488"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/488\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10564,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/488\/revisions\/10564"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=488"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=488"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=488"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}