{"id":531,"date":"2016-01-30T00:32:34","date_gmt":"2016-01-29T22:32:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=531"},"modified":"2018-02-08T13:32:59","modified_gmt":"2018-02-08T11:32:59","slug":"ampulu-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=531","title":{"rendered":"Ampul\u00fc kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ampul\u00fc kim icat etti<\/strong>. Ampul\u00fcn icad\u0131<\/a> ile ilgili \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiden bahsetmek gerekiyor. Hiram Maxim<\/strong>,\u00a0Thomas Edison<\/strong>\u00a0ve\u00a0Joseph Swan.<\/strong>\u00a0Herhalde tarih boyunca bu kadar i\u015fe yarar bir icat d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Elektrik ampul\u00fcn\u00fcn icad\u0131 ve ticari olarak \u00fcretimi, Atlantik’in iki yakas\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 zaman dilimleri i\u00e7erisinde, fakat ayr\u0131 yerlerde\u00a0ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. ABD’nin New Jersey eyaleti, Menlo Park kentinde Thomas Edison, <\/strong>Newyork’ta Hiram Maxim<\/strong> ve \u0130ngiltere’nin Newcastle kentinden Joseph Swan<\/strong>, hemen hemen ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde ampul \u00fcretimine ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bu konuda t\u00fcm ki\u015filerin \u00f6ncelik iddialar\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, olaya tarihi bir yakla\u015f\u0131mda bulunmak yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hiram Maxim<\/h2>\n

Hiram Stevens<\/b>\u00a0Maxim<\/strong>\u00a0ampul\u00fcn icad\u0131 ile ilgili ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapt\u0131. Hatta, 1870’lerin sonlar\u0131nda New York’da Equitable Life Building binas\u0131na kendisinin icat etti\u011fi ilk elektrik ampullerini\u00a0takt\u0131. Bununla birlikte, ampul\u00fc ilk icat eden ki\u015finin kendisi oldu\u011funu iddia ederek, Thomas Edison’la uzun s\u00fcren patent anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 ve davalar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Maxim akkor flamanl\u0131 ampul\u00fc\u00a0ilk kendisinin buldu\u011funu, fakat\u00a0Edison’un patent kanununu daha bilmesi\u00a0sayesinde ilk patenti onun ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Maxim, bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n Ampul icad\u0131 ile ilgili yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla kendi ad\u0131na patent\u00a0ba\u015fvurusu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Edison’un bu paten ba\u015fvurusundaki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n hatal\u0131 oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlayarak bulu\u015fun kamusal m\u00fclkiyet haline gelmesini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.\u00a0Ampul\u00fcn kamusal icat olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan Edison, Ampul\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek mucidi Hiram Maxim’e herhangi bir hak \u00f6demeden \u00fcretime ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Thomas Edison<\/h2>\n

Thomas Alva Edison<\/strong>, deneylerine 1878 y\u0131l\u0131 Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131. 12 aydan biraz daha uzun bir s\u00fcre sonra, ilk doyurucu sonucu elde etti. Bir s\u00fcre yanan ilk Edison ampul\u00fc, Model no. 9<\/strong>‘dur. Bu ampul\u00fcn i\u00e7inde karbonize edilmi\u015f pamuk filament vard\u0131. 21 Ekim 1879 g\u00fcn\u00fc, Edison defterine \u015fu notu d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc: “9 numara g\u00fcnd\u00fcz 1.30’dan gece 03.00’e kadar yand\u0131. Yani tam 13.5 saat. Daha sonra da b\u00eer saat kadar p\u0131rp\u0131r etti. Sonunda cam\u0131 patlad\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131.” Ampul\u00fcn patenti 1 Kas\u0131m 1879 g\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden Edison’un filament olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 karbonize edilmi\u015f diki\u015f ipli\u011finin s\u00fcrekli yanmak i\u00e7in uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. 1880’in ba\u015flar\u0131nda Edison, filament olarak karbonize edilmi\u015f ka\u011f\u0131t kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunlardan daha iyi sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nca, Ekim ay\u0131nda seri \u00fcretime ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Joseph Swan<\/h2>\n

Sir Joseph Swan<\/strong>, elektrik <\/a>ampul\u00fcn\u00fc ilk kez<\/strong>, 18 Aral\u0131k 1878’de, Newcastle’da Tyne Derne\u011fi’nde yapt\u0131. Konu\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda dinleyicilerine g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ampul, daha \u00f6nce laboratuvarda yap\u0131lan deneyde fazla ak\u0131m verildi\u011fi i\u00e7in yand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, kendisini dinleyenler, ampul\u00fcn nas\u0131l \u0131\u015f\u0131k verdi\u011fini g\u00f6remediler.<\/p>\n

18 Ocak 1879’da Sunderland’de verdi\u011fi ikinci konferansta, daha \u00f6nceki ampul\u00fcn ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 dinleyicilerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k verirken g\u00f6sterdi. Ger\u00e7i bu g\u00f6steri Edison’un ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 laboratuvar denemesinden 10 ay \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama, bu deneme pazarlanabilir elektrik ampul\u00fc ile geli\u015fmelerin ilk a\u015famalar\u0131ndan biri olmaktan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir iddia ta\u015f\u0131yamaz. Ancak 1880’lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda Swan de, t\u0131pk\u0131 Edison gibi, karbonize edilmi\u015f pamuk ipli\u011finden filament kullanarak bir ampul yapt\u0131. Ne var ki, onun ampul\u00fc, Edison’unkinden biraz daha uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcyd\u00fc. 27 Kas\u0131m 1880’de bulu\u015funun patentini ald\u0131 ve hemen ard\u0131ndan Swan ampullerinin \u00fcretimi ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ticari ama\u00e7la ilk \u00fcretilen ampuller, 1 Ekim 1880 g\u00fcn\u00fc Menlo Park’taki “Edison Lamp Works” adl\u0131 tesislerde yap\u0131ld\u0131. Her ampul, \u00fcretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda 200 ayr\u0131 i\u015flemden ge\u00e7iyordu. \u00dcretim tamamen el eme\u011fine dayal\u0131yd\u0131 ve bu nedenlerden dolay\u0131 perakende sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131 da olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksekti. Ampullerin tanesi 2.5 dolardan piyasaya sunuldu. Zamanla talep artt\u0131 ve fiyatlar da d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ampul\u00fc kim icat etti. Ampul\u00fcn icad\u0131 ile ilgili \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiden bahsetmek gerekiyor. Hiram Maxim,\u00a0Thomas Edison\u00a0ve\u00a0Joseph Swan.\u00a0Herhalde tarih boyunca bu kadar i\u015fe yarar bir icat d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Elektrik ampul\u00fcn\u00fcn icad\u0131 ve ticari…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5599,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,20],"tags":[306,2458,2461,2459,2460,2900,1145,2901,2287,308,1426],"class_list":["post-531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","category-ev","tag-ampul","tag-ampulu-kim-bulmustur","tag-ampulu-kim-icat-etmistir","tag-ampulu-kim-icat-etti","tag-ampulu-kim-nezaman-icat-etti","tag-ampulun-icadi","tag-aydinlatma","tag-hiram-maxim","tag-joseph-swan","tag-lamba","tag-thomas-alva-edison"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/531"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=531"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/531\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8914,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/531\/revisions\/8914"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}