{"id":536,"date":"2012-02-15T22:39:00","date_gmt":"2012-02-15T20:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=536"},"modified":"2018-02-26T02:10:13","modified_gmt":"2018-02-26T00:10:13","slug":"lambayi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=536","title":{"rendered":"Lambay\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lambay\u0131 kim icat etti.<\/strong> Lamba ayd\u0131nlatma arac\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7inde petrol gibi yan\u0131c\u0131 bir madde yakarak veya elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mesi ile ayd\u0131nl\u0131k veren cihazlar\u0131n hepsine verilen ad. Gaz lambas\u0131, havagaz\u0131 lambas\u0131, asetilen lambas\u0131, elektrik lambas\u0131, fl\u00fcoresan lamba. X \u0131\u015f\u0131nl\u0131 lambalar en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan lamba \u00e7e\u015fitleridir. \u00c7ok eski zamanlardan beri lamba, de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekillerde kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mezopotamya ile \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin g\u00f6ller b\u00f6lgesinde yap\u0131lan arkeolojik kaz\u0131larda kandil bi\u00e7iminde, ate\u015fte iyice pi\u015firilmi\u015f tu\u011fladan lambalara ve tun\u00e7tan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f madeni lambalara rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yunanl\u0131lar ve Romal\u0131lar\u0131n kulland\u0131klar\u0131 lambalar, pi\u015firilmi\u015f tu\u011fladan ve tun\u00e7tan idi. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde zeytinya\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

On sekizinci as\u0131rda, \u0130svi\u00e7reli kimyager olan Aime Argand,<\/strong> mevcut lambalar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yaparak, t\u00fcp \u015feklinde bir fitil yapt\u0131. Birbiri i\u00e7ine ge\u00e7mi\u015f maden\u00ee iki silindir aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan fitil, yan\u0131yor ve is az \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. \u0130svi\u00e7reli kimyagerin yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri, bu \u015fekildeki lamban\u0131n \u00fczerine bir cam \u015fi\u015fe takmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Cam, hem insan\u0131 rahats\u0131z eden isin d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nl\u00fcyor, hem de \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha parlak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini ve s\u00f6nmemesini sa\u011fl\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

1845 y\u0131l\u0131na gelinceye kadar lambalarda, eritilmi\u015f hayvan ya\u011flar\u0131, bitkisel ya\u011flar kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Daha sonra terementinden yap\u0131lan neftya\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bu ya\u011f\u0131n yakarken birden parlamas\u0131 \u00e7ok tehlikelere sebeb oluyordu. Bu durum petrol\u00fcn lambalarda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla ortadan kalkt\u0131 ve lamba yap\u0131m\u0131nda da yeni geli\u015fmeler kendini g\u00f6sterdi. Bunlardan idare, tek fitilli, \u00e7ift fitilli, aynal\u0131, yuvarlak fitilli, asma ve k\u00f6\u015fe lambalar\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitleri yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bir de evlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan yandan pompal\u0131 l\u00fcks ve karpit lambalar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Elektri\u011fin ayd\u0131nlatmada kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla, gaz lambalar\u0131 eski \u00f6nemini kaybederek, yerlerini amp\u00fcllere b\u0131rakt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Elektrik <\/a>lambas\u0131n\u0131n icad\u0131<\/h2>\n

Elektrik <\/a>lambas\u0131 <\/strong>elektrikle \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman \u0131\u015f\u0131k veren filaman telli ve camla \u00e7evrili lamba. Akkor ve fl\u00f6resan lamba iki \u00f6nemli \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan akkor lamba tungsten filamanl\u0131 olup, elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131yla 2600\u00b0C\u2019ye kadar \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. Tungsten filaman 3382\u00b0C gibi \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir erime noktas\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, saatlerce erimeden ve k\u0131r\u0131lmadan \u0131\u015f\u0131k vermeye devam eder. Filaman\u0131n bulundu\u011fu cam k\u0131sm\u0131n i\u00e7i bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve azot-argon kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bir gaz doldurulmu\u015ftur. Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m filamanla kimyasal reaksiyona girmez ve bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile lamba \u0131\u015f\u0131k verirken filaman\u0131n buharla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Buharla\u015fman\u0131n meydana gelmesi lamban\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n siyahlanmas\u0131na ve muhtemelen lamban\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sona ermesine sebeb olur. Akkor lambalar\u0131n ortalama \u00f6mr\u00fc 1000 saattir.<\/p>\n

1802\u2019de Humphry Davy<\/strong>, elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 platin telden ge\u00e7irerek onu akkor haline getirdi. Ancak bunun \u0131\u015f\u0131kland\u0131rmadaki imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131. Bu imkan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olarak fark eden ilk ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 J.W. Starr<\/strong> say\u0131labilir. Starr\u2019\u0131n lambalar\u0131n\u0131n birinde elektrikle \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan karbon \u00e7ubuk vakum cam t\u00fcp i\u00e7indeydi. Starr, 1846\u2019da 25 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc. 1848-1860 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da Swan, flaman olarak karbonize edilmi\u015f bir ka\u011f\u0131t \u015ferit kulland\u0131. Kullan\u0131lan lamba havas\u0131 bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f camdan mamul bir ampuld\u00fc. \u0130letken teller lamban\u0131n boynundan \u00e7\u0131karken aralar\u0131ndaki kau\u00e7uk malzemeyle izole oluyordu. Swan bu zaman peryodunda da pratik bir lamba yapamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ev ve i\u015fyerlerinde kullan\u0131lan lambalar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 Thomas Edison<\/strong><\/a> ve Swan<\/strong>\u2019la ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecekti. Edison \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na 1877\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131. Swan da 17 y\u0131l sonra bu i\u015fe tekrar d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Edison flaman olarak bir\u00e7ok malzeme kulland\u0131 ve sonunda 21 Ekim 1879\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k iki g\u00fcn ayd\u0131nlatma yapabilen karbonize edilmi\u015f pamuk flamanl\u0131 lambay\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi. Ancak patenti 1882\u2019de Swan ald\u0131. 1883\u2019te de Edison ve Swan elektrikle ayd\u0131nlatma \u015firketi kurdu.<\/p>\n

Bu t\u00fcr lambalar 1904\u2019e kadar kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bu tarihte Avusturyal\u0131 Alexander Just<\/strong> ile Franz Hanaman<\/strong> Tungsten telin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 lambay\u0131 geli\u015ftirdiler. 1907\u2019de ABD\u2019de \u00fcretim ba\u015flad\u0131. 1908\u2019de de haddeden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f tungsten elde edildi. B\u00f6ylece bug\u00fcnk\u00fc lambalar \u00fcretilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lambay\u0131 kim icat etti. Lamba ayd\u0131nlatma arac\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7inde petrol gibi yan\u0131c\u0131 bir madde yakarak veya elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mesi ile ayd\u0131nl\u0131k veren cihazlar\u0131n hepsine verilen ad. Gaz lambas\u0131, havagaz\u0131 lambas\u0131, asetilen…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10146,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,1],"tags":[306,308,1412],"class_list":["post-536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ev","category-teknoloji","tag-ampul","tag-lamba","tag-thomas-edison"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/536"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=536"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/536\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10147,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/536\/revisions\/10147"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=536"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=536"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=536"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}