Ansiklopedi bir\u00e7ok bilginin sistematik ve \u00e7o\u011fu zaman alfabetik s\u0131ra ile d\u00fczenlenmesinden elde edilen kitapalara verilen genel isimdir. Ansiklopediler s\u00f6zl\u00fcklere benzemekle birlikte \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 konularda olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f ve \u00f6rneklere dayanan bilgiler i\u00e7erirler. Bazen bilimin belirli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve sistemli bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplara da ansiklopedi ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Ansiklopediler’in temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar tarafs\u0131z bilgilerle haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n
Ansiklopedi kelime olarak eski Yunancadaki dairesel e\u011fitim veya bug\u00fcn genel e\u011fitim dedi\u011fimiz\u00a0engkuklios paideia<\/em> kelimesinden gelmektedir. Tarihsel verilere g\u00f6re ilk ansiklopedinin Platon\u2019un talebelerinden Speksippus<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan M.\u00d6. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yaz\u0131lan Disciplinarium libri <\/strong>oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n Orta\u00e7a\u011fda, b\u00fct\u00fcn bilgilerin tek bir ciltte toplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck gayretler sarfedilmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan biri Dominikli yazar Beauvais\u2019li Vincent taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olup, haz\u0131rlayan\u0131n ifadesiyle zaman\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn bilgileri bu kitab\u0131n i\u00e7indedir.<\/p>\n 1559 y\u0131l\u0131nda Basle’de Encyclopaedia Seu Orbis Disciplinarum ad\u0131yla yay\u0131nlanan kitab\u0131n, ilk ansiklopedi oldu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir. Yazar\u0131 Paul Scalich idi. Kitab\u0131n ad\u0131, “Bir daire i\u00e7inde \u00f6\u011frenmek” anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7indeki konular\u0131n alfabetik bir s\u0131raya dizildi\u011fi ilk ansiklopedi ise, Antoine Furetiere taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan “Dictionnaire Universel” dir. 1690 y\u0131l\u0131nda Paris’te yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130ngilizce dilinde ilk ansiklopedi de, John Harris’in “Lexicon Technicum” adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r Londra’- da 1704 y\u0131l\u0131nda bas\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6l\u00fcmler halinde yay\u0131nlanan ilk ansiklopedi ise, Johann Zelder y\u00f6netiminde haz\u0131rlanan 64 ciltlik Universel Lexicon’dur.Konusunda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f yazarlar\u0131n katk\u0131lar\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanan bu ansiklopedi, Leipzig’de, 1731-1750 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Zeller, sermayesi ya da fazladan geliri olmayan bir perakende kitap sat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Ansiklopedisini de ancak Leipzig’de kendisine gelir sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenen bir piyango sayesinde bast\u0131rabildi. Ancak \u00f6ylesine g\u00fc\u00e7 ekonomik ko\u015fullar i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131 ki, kendi haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ansiklopediden “tam bir tak\u0131m” almaya b\u00fct\u00e7esi uygun de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n \u0130ngilizlerin me\u015fhur Encyclopedia Britannica’s\u0131, Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n Encyclop\u00e9die\u2019si ile hemen hemen ayn\u0131 zamanda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 1768-1771 aras\u0131ndaki ilk bask\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren kendine has bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahib olmu\u015ftur. B\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci bask\u0131s\u0131 1910-1911\u2019de\u00a0 yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1929\u2019daki 14. bask\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren 24 cilt olarak ABD\u2019de yay\u0131nlanmaktad\u0131r. Ansiklopedi yay\u0131n\u0131, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve hemen hemen her \u00fclke, kendi ansiklopedisine 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortas\u0131nda sahib olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Enciclopedia \u0130taliana (\u0130talyanca, 1925), Enciclopedia Universal \u0130lustrada (\u0130spanyolca), Encyclopedia Americana (\u0130ngilizce) ve 30 cild olarak ve 1957 – 1960 aras\u0131nda ikinci bask\u0131s\u0131 yay\u0131nlanan Bol\u015faya Sovetskaya Entsiklopedya (Rus\u00e7a) 93 cilt olarak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Almanya ise 18. as\u0131r gelene\u011fine sad\u0131k kalarak Grosse Brockhaus adl\u0131 eserin 16. bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Brockhaus Conversationslexion ismi alt\u0131nda\u00a0 yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1961\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan Meyers Neunes Lexicon ise bunun bir taklididir. Ancak bu iki eser i\u00e7in, normal l\u00fcgatlarda bulunan\u00a0 kelimeleri ihtiva ettiklerinden ansiklopedik s\u00f6zl\u00fck olarak s\u0131n\u0131flamak yerinde olur. 1935\u2019te kurulan \u201cEncyclopedia Fran\u00e7oise\u201d 21 ciltlik bir eser olarak planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6zl\u00fck ansiklopedi olarak \u00fcn yapm\u0131\u015f olan \u0130talyan Dizionaria Enciclopedica ve Frans\u0131z, Larousses\u2019u da\u00a0 \u00f6nemli eserlerdir.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye’de ilk yay\u0131nlanan ansiklopedi Hayat Ansiklopedisi\u2019dir. Daha sonra 1940\u2019ta \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1943\u2019te \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u00a0Ansiklopedisi, (1950\u2019den sonra T\u00fcrk Ansiklopedisi olarak yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r). 1961\u2019de Hayat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hayat\u00a0 Ansiklopedisi, 1968\u2019de Ark\u0131n Kitabevinin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cumhuriyet Ansiklopedisi ilk genel ansiklopedilerdir. Son y\u0131llarda ise genel ve \u00f6zel bir\u00e7ok ansiklopedi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130nternetin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak ve bilgilenmek i\u00e7in Ansiklopedilere olan ilgi azalmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ansiklopedi bir\u00e7ok bilginin sistematik ve \u00e7o\u011fu zaman alfabetik s\u0131ra ile d\u00fczenlenmesinden elde edilen kitapalara verilen genel isimdir. Ansiklopediler s\u00f6zl\u00fcklere benzemekle birlikte \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 konularda olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f ve \u00f6rneklere dayanan bilgiler…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[323],"class_list":["post-562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-egitim","tag-ansiklopedi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/562"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=562"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/562\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6806,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/562\/revisions\/6806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=562"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=562"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}T\u00fcrkiye’de Yay\u0131nlanan \u0130lk Ansiklopedi<\/h2>\n