{"id":5808,"date":"2016-12-17T16:49:33","date_gmt":"2016-12-17T14:49:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=5808"},"modified":"2016-12-17T16:52:36","modified_gmt":"2016-12-17T14:52:36","slug":"pusula-kim-icat-etti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=5808","title":{"rendered":"Pusulay\u0131 kim icat etti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pusula karada, denizde veya havada y\u00f6n bulmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Pusulan\u0131n icad\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, denizciler\u00a0bulunduklar\u0131 yeri ve gidecekleri y\u00f6n\u00fc, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u00a0konumunu\u00a0g\u00f6zlemleyerek buluyorlard\u0131.\u00a0Geceleri bulutlu havalarda ve g\u00fcnd\u00fczleri ise sahilden\u00a0uzakla\u015fmak \u00e7ok tehlikeliydi.\u00a0Vikingler, y\u00f6n bulmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcne\u015fi ve kordiyerit ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Pusulan\u0131n \u0130cad\u0131<\/h2>\n

Pusulan\u0131n icad\u0131<\/a>, denizcilerin g\u00fcvenle karadan uzakla\u015fmas\u0131na imkan sa\u011flad\u0131, deniz ticaretini artt\u0131rd\u0131 ve co\u011frafi ke\u015fiflerin h\u0131z kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Pusula, M.\u00d6. 2. y\u00fczy\u0131l ile MS 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7in’de Han Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde icat edildi. Kay\u0131tlara g\u00f6ren hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcney valisi olan \u00a0s\u012bn\u00e1n (\u53f8\u5357) adl\u0131 ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. \u0130cat edilen bu manyetik pusula, feng shui’nin jeomantik prensiplerine g\u00f6re bina\u00a0ve yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in uygun yerler bulmak, m\u00fccevher veya alt\u0131n aramakta kullan\u0131ld\u0131. M.\u00d6 11. y\u00fczy\u0131lda pusula Song hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00f6n bulma amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Pusula ve Jeomanyetik ile ilgili daha eski kay\u0131tlar<\/h2>\n

Jeomanyetik ile ilgili en eski kay\u0131tlar orta Amerikay\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Guatemala and Meksika civarlar\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f\u00a0olan Olmekler’e ait milattan \u00f6nce 1000 ve 1400 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki kal\u0131nt\u0131larda jeomanyeti\u011fin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Teoriye g\u00f6re pusula ilk olarak \u00c7inliler taraf\u0131ndan icat edilip, Araplar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Avrupa medeniyetine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Avrupada pusulalar 1200 l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Fransa, \u0130ngiltere, \u0130zlanda’da g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Tabi bu pusulalar olduk\u00e7a ilkel bir yap\u0131ya sahipti. 1269 y\u0131l\u0131nda modern pusula ile ilgili en \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeyi ise\u00a0Pierre de Maricourt,\u00a0i\u011fneyi bir mile ge\u00e7irdikten sonra, bunu bir yan\u0131 saydam ve derecelenmi\u015f bir kutunun i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirerek sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Pusulan\u0131n kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131<\/h3>\n

Pusulay\u0131 ilk \u00f6nce denizciler sefere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131nda kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.\u00a0Daha sonra sivil havac\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fan ki\u015filer, askerler, madenciler, mimarlar, ormanc\u0131lar, haritac\u0131lar, izciler, da\u011fc\u0131lar\u00a0y\u00f6n belirlemede kullanmaya devam ettiler.<\/p>\n

Pusulan\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri<\/span><\/h3>\n
    \n
  • M\u0131knat\u0131s \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan ve d\u00f6nebilen, \u00a0kuzeyi g\u00f6steren ucu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 olan bir i\u011fnesi vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • Pusula i\u011fnesi i\u00e7i s\u0131v\u0131 ile dolu ve\u00a0d\u00f6nebilen bir kaps\u00fcl i\u00e7indedir.\u00a0Kaps\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00a0ve s\u0131v\u0131 dolu olmas\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 pusula i\u011fnesindeki titre\u015fimleri azaltarak daha do\u011fru sonu\u00e7 elde etmeyi sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • Kaps\u00fcl \u00e7evresinde\u00a0sar\u0131l\u0131 olan cetvel\u00a0\u00fczerinde 0-360 aras\u0131nda dereceler i\u015faretlidir.<\/li>\n
  • Pusula i\u011fnesinin alt\u0131nda y\u00f6n oku ve y\u00f6n okuna paralel olan meridyen \u00e7izgileri bulunur ve bunlar kaps\u00fcl ile birlikte d\u00f6nerler.<\/li>\n
  • Referans \u00e7izgisi ve a\u00e7\u0131 de\u011ferleri y\u00f6n oku ve meridyen \u00e7izgilerinin bulundu\u011fu d\u00fczlemden okunur.<\/li>\n
  • Taban\u0131n \u015feklinin dikd\u00f6rtgen ve \u015feffaf olmas\u0131, d\u00f6ner kaps\u00fcl alt\u0131nda gidilecek yeri g\u00f6steren okun bulunmas\u0131 ve pusulan\u0131n kenar\u0131n\u0131n uzun olmas\u0131 kullan\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
  • \u00c7evresindeki hesaplama cetvelinde metrik<\/i> ve in\u00e7<\/i> olarak i\u015faretlenmi\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 cetvel ile birim \u00e7evirmelerine kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flayarak k\u0131sa mesafe \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerini de kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • Pusula kullan\u0131larak sadece kuzey y\u00f6n\u00fc de\u011fil di\u011fer ana y\u00f6nler ve ara y\u00f6nler de bulunabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Pusula \u00c7e\u015fitleri<\/h3>\n

    G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlarda veya valizlerin \u00fczerinde yer alan pusulalar\u0131n bir \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fidi vard\u0131r.\u00a0Standart plakal\u0131 , aynal\u0131, askeri ve prizmatik pusulalar\u00a0oldu\u011fu gibi,\u00a0Kerteriz, asma, elektromanyetik, d\u00fcmen, filika, s\u0131v\u0131l\u0131, kadranl\u0131, cayroskop ve yavru gibi isimlerle adland\u0131r\u0131lan pusulalar da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Pusula karada, denizde veya havada y\u00f6n bulmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Pusulan\u0131n icad\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, denizciler\u00a0bulunduklar\u0131 yeri ve gidecekleri y\u00f6n\u00fc, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u00a0konumunu\u00a0g\u00f6zlemleyerek buluyorlard\u0131.\u00a0Geceleri bulutlu havalarda ve g\u00fcnd\u00fczleri ise sahilden\u00a0uzakla\u015fmak \u00e7ok tehlikeliydi.\u00a0Vikingler, y\u00f6n bulmak i\u00e7in…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5809,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[938,944],"class_list":["post-5808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gezi","tag-pusula","tag-pusulanin-icadi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5808"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5808"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5808\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5811,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5808\/revisions\/5811"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5809"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5808"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}