Ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla, okyanuslar\u0131n derinliklerini \u00f6l\u00e7meye ve belirli derinliklerde neler bulundu\u011funu anlamaya yarayan ekometri y\u00f6ntemine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara, 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda Titanik gemisinin bir buzda\u011f\u0131na \u00e7arparak 1513 yolcusuyla birlikte sulara g\u00f6m\u00fclmesinden sonra ilgi duyuldu.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiliz iklimbilimcisi L.F.Richardson, ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n bir cisme \u00e7arparak geri d\u00f6nmesi sistemine dayanan yank\u0131 metoduyla, derinliklerin taranmas\u0131 fikrini ortaya att\u0131. ABD’li Profes\u00f6r Reginald Fessenden, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan \u00f6nce ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 deneyleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. 1930’lardan itibaren de, denizlerin dibini taramak i\u00e7in y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r kullan\u0131lan ilkel \u00e7ubuk y\u00f6nteminden vazge\u00e7ilerek eko sistemi uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Reginald Aubrey Fessenden<\/b> (1866 –\u00a01932, Hamilton, Bermuda), radyo teknolojisinin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden olan Kanada as\u0131ll\u0131 ABD’li mucit. Uzun erimli ilk radyo yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ontario ve Port Hope’taki Trinity College School’da ve Qu\u00e9bec’te Lennoxville’deki Bishop’s \u00dcniversitesi’nde \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6ren Fessenden, daha sonra Bermuda’daki Whitney Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fcn y\u00f6neticili\u011fine atand\u0131. Burada bilimsel konularla ilgilenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bir s\u00fcre sonra enstit\u00fcden ayr\u0131larak New York’a ge\u00e7ti. Burada Thomas Edison’un makine imalathanesinde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan Fessenden, bir s\u00fcre sonra Thomas Edison ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve 1887’de New Jersey’de Orange’daki Edison Laboratuvar\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015f kimyagerli\u011fine getirildi. 1890’da ba\u015f elektrik\u00e7i olarak Pittsfield’deki westinghouse fabrikas\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. 1892’de de akademik ya\u015fama d\u00f6nd\u00fc. \u00d6nce Indiana’da West Lafayette’teki Purdue \u00dcniversitesi’nde, daha sonra da Pennsylvania’daki Bat\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi’nde (bug\u00fcn Pittsburgh \u00dcniversitesi) elektrik profes\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yapt\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131no telsiz haberle\u015fme sorunlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Fessenden, 1900’de \u00fcniversiteden ayr\u0131larak, hava tahminlerinde telsiz telgraftan yararlanmak isteyen ABD Hava Tahmin B\u00fcrosu i\u00e7in telsiz telgraf deneyleri yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Daha sonra ses iletimi konusuna e\u011fildi ve radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n genli\u011fini ses dalgalar\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde mod\u00fcle etmek i\u00e7in, ses dalgalar\u0131yla ayn\u0131 frekansta titre\u015fen elektrik dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 sabit radyo frekanslar\u0131 \u00fczerine y\u00fckleme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini geli\u015ftirdi. Fessenden ayr\u0131ca telsiz telefonlarda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere duyarl\u0131 bir elektrolitik radyo detekt\u00f6r\u00fc de geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n
1902’de bulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in iki orta\u011f\u0131 ile birlikte, National Electric Signalling Company’yi kurdu. 1906’da General Electric Company’den Ernst Alexanderson’\u0131, telsiz telefonunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lan y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 (50,000 hertz<\/a>) bir alternat\u00f6r yapmaya y\u00f6neltti ve kendisi de hemen Massachusetts’teki Brant Rock’ta bir verici istasyonu kurdu. 24 Aral\u0131k 1906’da Virginia, Norfolk gibi uzak yerlerdeki telsiz operat\u00f6rleri, Brant Rock’tan gelen m\u00fczik ve haber yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131nda duyduklar\u0131nda \u015fa\u015fk\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fcler. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Fessenden, Brant Rock ile \u0130sko\u00e7ya aras\u0131nda, iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc ilk okyanusa\u015f\u0131r\u0131 telsiz telgraf haberle\u015fmesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n 1902’de, y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 telsiz sinyallerini, daha kolay bir bi\u00e7imde denetlenebilen ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilebilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekansl\u0131 sinyallere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca radyopusula<\/strong>, yank\u0131l\u0131 iskandil<\/strong> denizalt\u0131 sinyal ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 ve sava\u015f gemileri i\u00e7in turboelektrik y\u00f6nlendirici gibi bir dizi ba\u015fka ayg\u0131t da geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla, okyanuslar\u0131n derinliklerini \u00f6l\u00e7meye ve belirli derinliklerde neler bulundu\u011funu anlamaya yarayan ekometri y\u00f6ntemine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara, 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda Titanik gemisinin bir buzda\u011f\u0131na \u00e7arparak 1513 yolcusuyla birlikte sulara g\u00f6m\u00fclmesinden sonra…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[336,2787],"class_list":["post-587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-ekometre","tag-reginald-fessenden"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/587"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=587"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/587\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10007,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/587\/revisions\/10007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=587"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}