{"id":5881,"date":"2016-12-22T17:03:20","date_gmt":"2016-12-22T15:03:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=5881"},"modified":"2017-01-01T02:35:29","modified_gmt":"2017-01-01T00:35:29","slug":"takvim-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=5881","title":{"rendered":"Takvimi kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Miladi takvim, Gregoryen Takvimi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Miladi takvimden \u00f6nce Julian Takvimi kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Papa 13. Gregory yeni bir takvim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 talimat\u0131n\u0131 verdi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Se\u00e7enekler aras\u0131ndan kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ve Alosyius Lilius<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan takvimi se\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Alosyius Lilius Kimdir? Biyografisi<\/h2>\n

Alosyius Lilius<\/strong>, \u0130talyan bir astronom, doktor ve kronologdu. Napoli’de doktor olmak i\u00e7in t\u0131p e\u011fitimi ald\u0131. \u00dcnl\u00fc bir asil olan Carafa’n\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde doktorluk yapt\u0131. Lilius 1552’de Perugia \u00dcniversitesi’nde e\u011fitim vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u0131ptaki bilgisinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Alosyius Lilius zaman\u0131 kaydetme ve takvimlerle ilgileniyordu.\u00a0Zaman\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Julian Takvimiyle ilgili sorunlar\u0131 farketti ve b\u00f6ylece yeni bir takvim sistemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6neren bir yaz\u0131 yazarak yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Takvimi haz\u0131rlad\u0131 fakat 1576’da takvimini yay\u0131nlayamadan \u00f6ld\u00fc. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden y\u0131llar sonra, karde\u015fi Antonio Lilius<\/strong>, Papa 13. Gregory’nin yeni takvim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 sonras\u0131\u00a0Alosyius’un el yazmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evirilerini yapt\u0131. Yeni takvim i\u00e7in kurulan meclise sundu.\u00a0Di\u011fer\u00a0bir g\u00f6kbilimci olan Christopher Clavius \u200b\u200btaraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden sonra takvim meclis taraf\u0131ndan onayland\u0131. 1582’de Papa XIII Gregory<\/strong>, Julian\u00a0takvmini Gregoryen Takvimi ile de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir papal\u0131k bildirisi\u00a0yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Yeni takvim H\u0131ristiyan \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan birbiri ard\u0131na kabul edildi. \u015eu anda neredeyse t\u00fcm\u00a0D\u00fcnya’da kullan\u0131lan takvim sistemidir.<\/p>\n

Julian Takvimi<\/h2>\n

Julius Caesar<\/strong> Julian takvim sistemini icat etti. \u015eubat ay\u0131 hari\u00e7 t\u00fcm aylarda 30 veya 31 g\u00fcn vard\u0131. \u015eubat ay\u0131 ise 29 g\u00fcn, s\u0131\u00e7rama d\u00f6nemi varsa\u00a030 g\u00fcn olarak belirlenmi\u015fti. Caesar takvimde Temmuz (July) ay\u0131na\u00a0kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Octavianus (Caesar Divi Filius Augustus) Roma imparatoru oldu\u011funda, temmuzdan sonraki aya, A\u011fustos (August) ad\u0131 verildi. Ayr\u0131ca \u015eubat ay\u0131ndan bir g\u00fcn daha \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 ald\u0131, bu nedenle A\u011fustos 31 g\u00fcn oldu.<\/p>\n

Julius Caesar taraf\u0131ndan M.\u00d6. 46’da icat edilen Julian takvimi, Roma takvimi i\u00e7in bir reformdu. M.\u00d6. 1 Ocak 45’de Roma’n\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r fethinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi. 1582 y\u0131l\u0131nda Papa XIII Gregory taraf\u0131ndan ilan edilen Gregoryen takvimi ile kademeli olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilene kadar, Roma d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, Avrupa’n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda ve Amerika’da ve di\u011fer yerlerde kullan\u0131lan takvim oldu.<\/p>\n

Gregoryen Takvimi neyi\u00a0de\u011fi\u015ftirdi?<\/h2>\n

Julian takvim sistemi ile astronomik mevsim aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla fark vard\u0131. Astronomi ekinokslar\u0131 ve g\u00fcnd\u00f6n\u00fcmleri bu takvimden y\u0131lda 11 dakika ilerde idi. Paskalya, bahar ekinoksuyla senkronize olmuyordu. Julian takviminde her 134 y\u0131lda bir fazladan bir ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. 1582’de Gregoryen kabul edildi\u011finde zaten 10 g\u00fcn falzla\u0131k vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gregoryen takvim olu\u015fturulurken J\u00fclyen takvimine 10 g\u00fcn ilave edilmi\u015ftir; 5 Ekim Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc, 15 Ekim Cuma olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. 1752’de kabul eden \u00fclkeler ise 11 g\u00fcn ilave etmek durumunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gregoryen Takvimi, Julian sistemini reforme ederek d\u00f6rt y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131\u00e7rama d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.\u00a0100’le b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilen y\u0131llar hari\u00e7, d\u00f6rt y\u0131la b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilen bir y\u0131l bir s\u0131\u00e7rama y\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. 400’le b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilen y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u0131l s\u0131\u00e7rama y\u0131llar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Papa ve konseyi, bu d\u00fczenlemenin insanlar\u0131n Paskalya’y\u0131 do\u011fru zamanda kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Gregoryen takvim, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar kullan\u0131lan takvimler i\u00e7inde en az hatal\u0131 olan\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir ekinoks y\u0131l\u0131 365,242375365 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr (365 g\u00fcn 5 saat 49 dakika 12 saniye). Gregoryen takvimde ortalama bir y\u0131l 365.2425 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve ger\u00e7ek ekinoks y\u0131l\u0131 uzunlu\u011funa olduk\u00e7a yak\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin milad\u00ee takvimi kabul\u00fc<\/span><\/h2>\n

Gregoryen takvimi yada di\u011fer ad\u0131yla miladi takvim avrupan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6ren\u011fin M\u0131s\u0131r 20 Aral\u0131k 1874\/1 Ocak 1875’te, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, mali i\u015flerde ve ticari ama\u00e7larla 16 \u015eubat \/ 1 Mart 1917’de, Rusya\u00a0ise 1\/14 \u015eubat 1918’de miladi takvimi kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde, ilk d\u00f6nemlerde Hicr\u00ee takvim, sonra da 1 Mart’\u0131 y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 kabul eden Mal\u00ee takvim kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda mali i\u015flerde Miladi takvim kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Cumhuriyet’in ilan\u0131ndan sonra, uygulamada \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 takvim sistemi vard\u0131. Bu durum devlet i\u015flerinde, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta bir \u00e7ok soruna yol a\u00e7\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Mal\u00ee 26 K\u00e2nun-i Evvel 1341’de (26 Aral\u0131k 1925) kabul edilen “Takvimde Tarih Mebdeinin De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun” ve “G\u00fcn\u00fcn 24 Saate Taksimi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun” adl\u0131 iki ayr\u0131 yasayla 1 Ocak 1926’dan ba\u015flayarak Gregoryen Miladi takvim benimsendi. Di\u011fer takvimler y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 1 Ocak olarak alan bu takvimin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra g\u00fcn\u00fc 12 saatlik g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve 12 saat gece dilimlerine ay\u0131ran saat sistemi yerine 24 saatlik bir g\u00fcn kabul edildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Miladi takvim, Gregoryen Takvimi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Miladi takvimden \u00f6nce Julian Takvimi kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Papa 13. Gregory yeni bir takvim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 talimat\u0131n\u0131 verdi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Se\u00e7enekler aras\u0131ndan kendi ad\u0131n\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6193,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[2578,2577,2576,2579,2575,2574],"class_list":["post-5881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-toplum","tag-alosyius-lilius","tag-gregoryen-takvimi","tag-julian-takvimi","tag-julius-caesar","tag-miladi-takvim","tag-takvim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5881"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5881"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5881\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7939,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5881\/revisions\/7939"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5881"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}