{"id":5900,"date":"2016-12-18T00:18:56","date_gmt":"2016-12-17T22:18:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=5900"},"modified":"2018-09-03T13:03:20","modified_gmt":"2018-09-03T11:03:20","slug":"hidrojen-bombasi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=5900","title":{"rendered":"Hidrojen Bombas\u0131n\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hidrojen bombas\u0131 (veya termon\u00fckleer bomba \/ f\u00fczyon bombas\u0131) n\u0131n icad\u0131, geli\u015fimi ve tarihini baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler halinde incelemekte fayda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Hidrojen bombas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f mimar\u0131 Dr. Edward Teller oldu\u011fu genel ve bilinen bir ger\u00e7ektir.\u00a0Patlat\u0131lan ilk Hidrojen bombas\u0131 \u00a01 Kas\u0131m 1952&#8217;de Marshall Adalar\u0131&#8217;nda bulunan Enewetak&#8217;ta patlat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<h2>Teller Ulam Tasar\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/atom-bombasi\/\">Atom bombas\u0131<\/a> yapmak \u00fczere Manhattan Projesini ba\u015flatt\u0131. Projenin bilimsel ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na <strong>Robert Oppenheimer<\/strong>, ba\u015f fizik\u00e7i olarak da <strong>Edward Teller<\/strong> getirildi.<\/p>\n<p>Manhattan Projesi ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir fisyon ile ate\u015flenen bir termon\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon bombas\u0131 fikri ilk kez <strong>Enrico Fermi<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan projenin ba\u015f fizik\u00e7isi\u00a0Edward Teller&#8217;e sunuldu.\u00a0Teller, atom bombas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha etkili ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir silah olan hidrojen bombas\u0131 \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131. Manhattan Projesindeki g\u00f6revlerini ihmal ederek, zaman\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu fizyon bombas\u0131 tasar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla ge\u00e7irdi. Bu tavr\u0131 nedeniye Manhattan projesinin ba\u015fkan\u0131\u00a0Robert Oppenheimer ile bir \u00e7ok fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk Hidrojen bombas\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131, <strong>Stanislaw Ulam<\/strong> ve Edward Teller ile birlikte geli\u015ftirildi. Fikir Enrico Fermi taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa bile bu bombaya\u00a0Teller-Ulam tasar\u0131m\u0131 ad\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n<h2>Hidrojen Bombas\u0131 Deneyleri<\/h2>\n<p>9 May\u0131s 1951 tarihinde <strong>George Greenhouse Operasyonu<\/strong>&#8216;nu\u00a0kod ad\u0131yla temel konsept bomba \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte test edildi. 225 kiloton&#8217;luk bir patlama ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Bu deneme, n\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon enerjisinin ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sal\u0131m\u0131 olarak\u00a0beklentilerin ve Teller &#8211; Ulam konseptinin\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1 Kas\u0131m 1952&#8217;de, Teller-Ulam konfig\u00fcrasyonu Sosis kod ad\u0131yla, <strong>Enewetak Atoll<\/strong> adas\u0131nda &#8220;Ivy Mike&#8221; at\u0131\u015f\u0131yla test edildi.\u00a010.4 megatonluk bir verimle (2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda Nagasaki&#8217;ye at\u0131lan\u00a0bombadan 500\u00a0kat daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olarak) tam olarak test edildi.<\/p>\n<p>Ivy Mike&#8217;in s\u0131v\u0131 d\u00f6teryum yak\u0131t\u0131, konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131labilir bir silah i\u00e7in uygun de\u011fildi ve bir sonraki ilerleme, kat\u0131 bir lityum deuterid f\u00fczyon yak\u0131t\u0131 kullanmakt\u0131. 1954&#8217;te, &#8220;\u015eato Bravo&#8221; at\u0131\u015f\u0131nda (Karides kod ad\u0131yla) \u00a015 megatonluk bir patlama test edildi ve bug\u00fcne kadar test edilen en b\u00fcy\u00fck ABD bombas\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n<p>ABD&#8217;deki hidrojen bombas\u0131 tarihinde sonraki a\u015famalarda boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Ama\u00e7, denizalt\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nabilecek f\u00fczelere n\u00fckller ba\u015fl\u0131klar uygulamakt\u0131. 1960&#8217;lara gelindi\u011finde, megatonlarca g\u00fcce sahip n\u00fckleer sava\u015f ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 sadece birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz kilo a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na indi.<\/p>\n<p>1960&#8217;da W47 sava\u015f ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Polaris denizalt\u0131lar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirildi, megaton s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 sava\u015f ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7ap\u0131 18 in\u00e7 (0.5 m) ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 720 pound (320 kg) kadard\u0131.<\/p>\n<h2>Di\u011fer Termon\u00fckleer Bomba Denemeleri<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Sovyetler\u00a0Birli\u011fi<\/strong> 30 Ekim 1961 tarihinde, saatler Greenwich saati ile 8:30&#8217;u g\u00f6sterirken <strong>Novaya Zemlya<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Tsar<\/strong> isimli bomba, 57 megatonluk bir hidrojen bombas\u0131 denemesinde bulundu. Bu bomba Hiro\u015fima&#8217;ya at\u0131lan atom bombas\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.800 kat daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u00a0idi. Olu\u015fturdu\u011fu alev topu 965\u00a0km (599.624 mil) uzakl\u0131ktan g\u00f6zlenebilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<h2>Hidrojen Bombas\u0131 Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p><b>Hidrojen bombas\u0131<\/b> veya <b>f\u00fczyon bombas\u0131<\/b>, kontrols\u00fcz termon\u00fckleer enerji sa\u011flayabilen y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 n\u00fckleer silahlara verilen genel tan\u0131mlamad\u0131r. Termon\u00fckleer silah olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Hidrojen bombas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek boyutlardaki patlama g\u00fcc\u00fc, hidrojen atomlar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ferek helyum atom yap\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc termon\u00fckleer tepkimeden do\u011far.<\/p>\n<h2>Atom Bombas\u0131ndan Fark\u0131 Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>Atom bombas\u0131ndaki tepkime\u00a0bir \u00e7ekirdek b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi (<strong>fisyon<\/strong>) dir Hidrojen bombas\u0131\u00a0f\u00fczyon reaksiyonu esas\u0131na dayal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, hidrojen bombas\u0131n\u0131n patlamas\u0131 bir \u00e7ekirdek kayna\u015fmas\u0131 ya da birle\u015fmesidir. <strong>F\u00fczyon<\/strong> reaksiyonunu ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in gerekli ate\u015fleme, s\u0131cakl\u0131k k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir atom bombas\u0131n\u0131 patlatmak suretiyle sa\u011flan\u0131r. Ancak reaksiyon \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede oldu\u011fundan, bomba maddesi buharla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in toplam maddenin yaln\u0131zca bir k\u0131sm\u0131 f\u00fczyona u\u011frar. F\u00fczyona u\u011frayan madde bir uranyum k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131nacak olursa, bu iki bak\u0131mdan yarar sa\u011flar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Uranyumun a\u011f\u0131r bir metal olmas\u0131 ve buharla\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 termon\u00fckleer enerjinin daha uzun s\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li>F\u00fczyondan meydana gelen n\u00f6tronlar uranyumun fisyonuna sebep olaca\u011f\u0131ndan patlamadan a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kacak enerji daha da artm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck atom bombalar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyan hidrojen bombalar\u0131na <i>temiz<\/i>, b\u00fcy\u00fck atom bombalar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyanlara ise <i>kirli bomba<\/i> denir.<\/p>\n<p>Termon\u00fckleer reaksiyonlar i\u00e7in gerekli \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kimyasal patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddeler ile sa\u011flanmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu durumda deklan\u015f\u00f6r g\u00f6revini g\u00f6ren atom bombas\u0131na gerek kalmayacak ve radyoaktivitesi de ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Termon\u00fckleer \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden hi\u00e7biri radyoaktif de\u011fildir. Sadece trityum zay\u0131f bir radyoaktivite g\u00f6sterir. O halde hidrojen bombas\u0131n\u0131n radyoaktif etkisi yoktur, ancak bu bombay\u0131 ate\u015flemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan atom bombas\u0131ndan gelen etki vard\u0131r. Olduk\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck deklan\u015f\u00f6r atom bombalar\u0131 kullanan hidrojen bombalar\u0131nda bu etki azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.whoinventedfirst.com\/invented-hydrogen-bomb\/\">Who invented Hydrogen Bomb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hidrojen bombas\u0131 (veya termon\u00fckleer bomba \/ f\u00fczyon bombas\u0131) n\u0131n icad\u0131, geli\u015fimi ve tarihini baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler halinde incelemekte fayda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Hidrojen bombas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f mimar\u0131 Dr. Edward Teller oldu\u011fu genel ve bilinen&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6190,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[492,2572,2571,2569,2573,2570],"class_list":["post-5900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-askeri","tag-atom-bombasi","tag-edward-teller","tag-fuzyon-bombasi","tag-hidrojen-bombasi","tag-stanislaw-ulam","tag-termonukleer-bomba"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5900"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5900"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11776,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5900\/revisions\/11776"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6190"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}