{"id":591,"date":"2011-01-04T22:00:05","date_gmt":"2011-01-04T20:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=591"},"modified":"2018-02-28T13:43:12","modified_gmt":"2018-02-28T11:43:12","slug":"elektrolizi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=591","title":{"rendered":"Elektrolizi kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pillerle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131ralarda, \u0130ngiliz kimyager <strong>Humpry Davy<\/strong>, elektroliz olay\u0131n\u0131 da ke\u015ffetti. Davy, kimyasal bile\u015fkelerin, elektriksel \u00e7ekim sayesinde bir arada tutulabildi\u011fini anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 bile\u015fkelerin yine elektrik arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla birbirlerinden ayr\u0131labilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. 1807 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bir deneyle kan\u0131tlad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>O g\u00fcne kadar bir element olarak kabul edilen kostik soday\u0131 eriyik haline getirdi ve i\u00e7inden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir pil arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ge\u00e7irdi. B\u00f6ylece kostik sodan\u0131n sodyum ve potasyum elementlerine ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Onun kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu elektroliz y\u00f6ntemi, bug\u00fcn metal kaplama sanayiinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Humphry Davy<\/h2>\n<p>Bile\u015fikleri elektrik enerjisiyle ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve elementleri saf olarak elde etmi\u015ftir. Bristol&#8217;daki, ci\u011fer hastalar\u0131n\u0131n tedavi edildi\u011fi hastanede yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla 1799&#8217;da, <strong>azot protoksidin g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc etkisini buldu<\/strong>; t\u00fcrl\u00fc gazlar\u0131n fizyolojik etkilerini kendi \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneylerle inceledi.<\/p>\n<p>1803 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bristol&#8217;dan Londra&#8217;ya gelerek Royal Society&#8217;ye \u00fcye, daha sonra da ba\u015fkan oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1807&#8217;de s\u0131rayla; erimi\u015f k\u00fclden elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ge\u00e7irdi ve bu yolla \u00f6nce <strong>potasyum <\/strong>ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi elementi, sonra da sodadan <strong>sodyum <\/strong>elementini ay\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131 ertesi y\u0131l da baryum, <strong>stronsiyum <\/strong>ve <strong>kalsiyum<\/strong>u buldu. Asit \u00f6zelli\u011finin hidrojenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ileri geldi\u011fini saptayarak asitlerle anhidritlerin farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna vard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, elektroliz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00f6l\u00e7meler yaparak elektrik yay\u0131n\u0131 buldu. Faraday ile gazlar\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1813&#8217;te Frans\u0131z Fen akademisine girdi. Kraliyet enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flarla kurulan \u00f6zel olarak geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f iki bin elemanl\u0131k bir pil yard\u0131m\u0131yla, pek \u00e7ok kimyevi ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n<p>1817&#8217;de oksitlenme tepkimeleri (hidrojen, alkol), platinin katalitik \u00f6zelliklerini buldu. Maden ocaklar\u0131nda grizu patlamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan tel kafesli emniyet lambas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n<h2>Elektrolizin Ke\u015ffi<\/h2>\n<p>Elektroliz konusundaki 1800 y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Anthony Carlisle<\/strong> ve <strong>William Nicholson<\/strong>, 1807 y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Humphry Davy <\/strong>ve 1833 y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Faraday<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n Elektrolizin temel ilkelerini belirleyen ke\u015fifleri ve 1887 y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Svante Arrhenius <\/strong>taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen<strong> iyon teorisi<\/strong>, zaman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n atom fizi\u011fine temel te\u015fkil etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<h2>Elektroliz Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>Elektroliz, elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla, bir s\u0131v\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f kimyasal bile\u015fiklerin ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015flemi. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik, maddenin elektron vermesinden (y\u00fckseltgenme); ya da almas\u0131ndan (indirgenme) kaynaklan\u0131r. Elektroliz i\u015flemi, elektroliz kab\u0131 ya da tank\u0131 denen bir ayg\u0131t i\u00e7inde uygulan\u0131r. Bu ayg\u0131t, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnerek art\u0131 ve eksi y\u00fckl\u00fc iyonlara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir bile\u015fi\u011fin (\u2192Elektrolit) i\u00e7ine birbirine de\u011fmeyecek bi\u00e7imde dald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iki elektrottan olu\u015fur. Elektrotlar bir ak\u0131m kayna\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda meydana gelen gerilim (elektriki alan), iyonlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t y\u00fckl\u00fc elektroda (kutup) do\u011fru hareket ettirir. Kar\u015f\u0131t kutupta y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc dengeleyen atom veya molek\u00fcller elektrotta \u00e7\u00f6kelir veya elektrolit i\u00e7indeki molek\u00fcllerle yeni reaksiyonlara girer. Yeni reaksiyona girme meyli daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin sofra tuzu i\u00e7eren elektrolitte anotta klor a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karken n\u00f6tr sodyum atomlar\u0131 su molek\u00fcllerini etkiliyerek katottan hidrojen a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na sebep olurlar ve elekrolitte sodyum hidroksit olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pillerle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131ralarda, \u0130ngiliz kimyager Humpry Davy, elektroliz olay\u0131n\u0131 da ke\u015ffetti. Davy, kimyasal bile\u015fkelerin, elektriksel \u00e7ekim sayesinde bir arada tutulabildi\u011fini anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 bile\u015fkelerin yine elektrik arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla birbirlerinden ayr\u0131labilece\u011fini&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,317],"tags":[2675,2674,339,2677,1417,2671,2673,2672,1629,1692,2678,2676],"class_list":["post-591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","category-is-dunyasi","tag-anthony-carlisle","tag-azot-protoksit","tag-elektroliz","tag-faraday","tag-humphry-davy","tag-humpry-davy","tag-kalsiyum","tag-potasyum","tag-sodyum","tag-stronsiyum","tag-svante-arrhenius","tag-william-nicholson"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/591"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=591"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10387,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/591\/revisions\/10387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}