{"id":593,"date":"2011-01-05T22:01:39","date_gmt":"2011-01-05T20:01:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=593"},"modified":"2016-12-25T17:54:14","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T15:54:14","slug":"elektromiknatisi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=593","title":{"rendered":"Elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s’\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Danimarkal\u0131 fizik\u00e7i Hans Christian Oersted<\/strong>, 1820 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir telden ge\u00e7en elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n telin yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki pusulan\u0131n ibresini oynatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece elektrikle manyetizm aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131. Oersted’ in bu bulu\u015fu \u00fczerine bir\u00e7ok bilim adam\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131. Bunlardan biri de, \u0130ngiliz fizik\u00e7i William Sturgeon<\/strong> idi.<\/p>\n

Sturgeon, atnal\u0131 \u015feklinde bir demir \u00e7ubuk \u00fczerine sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tellere elektrik verildi\u011finde bir “m\u0131knat\u0131s” olu\u015ftu\u011funu buldu. “Elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s” ad\u0131 verilen bu “atnal\u0131”, kendinden 20 kat daha a\u011f\u0131r cisimleri kald\u0131rabiliyordu.<\/p>\n

1831 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerikal\u0131 fizik\u00e7i Joseph Henry<\/strong>, Sturgeon’un bulu\u015funu biraz daha geli\u015ftirdi. Kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alayarak elde etti\u011fi ipeklerle, bak\u0131r telleri izole etti ve bu telleri kat kat sard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, elde etti\u011fi m\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s<\/b>, elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 kullan\u0131larak demirden elde edilen m\u0131knat\u0131st\u0131r. Elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n her iki ucu da manyetik maddeleri \u00e7eker. Elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n kutuplar\u0131 sa\u011f el kural\u0131na g\u00f6re bulunabilir. Bu kural, tel bobine alttan sar\u0131l\u0131yorsa sa\u011f elimizi bobini alttan kavrayarak tutar\u0131z. Sa\u011f elimizin ba\u015f parma\u011f\u0131 elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n ‘N’ kutbunu g\u00f6sterir. Pil, ters \u00e7evrilirse elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n her iki ucu da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7ekme \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir ama kutuplar\u0131 yer de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Ancak elektrom\u0131knat\u0131slarda her zaman pil s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. B\u00fcy\u00fck elektrom\u0131knat\u0131slarda geli\u015fmi\u015f ak\u00fc, motor vb. g\u00fc\u00e7 kaynaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n kutuplar\u0131 sar\u0131mdan ge\u00e7en ak\u0131m\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Sa\u011f elimizin d\u00f6rt parma\u011f\u0131 bobin \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en ak\u0131m y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olacak \u015fekilde elimizi sard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ba\u015f parmak kuzey kutbunu g\u00f6sterir. Di\u011fer u\u00e7 ise g\u00fcney kutbu olur. Kuzey kutbu m\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n pozitif, g\u00fcney kutbu ise negatif k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n \u00e7ekim g\u00fcc\u00fc;<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Bobindeki sar\u0131m say\u0131s\u0131 ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131,<\/li>\n
  • Telden ge\u00e7en ak\u0131m miktar\u0131 ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131,<\/li>\n
  • Pil say\u0131s\u0131 ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131,<\/li>\n
  • Pilin gerilimi ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Elektrom\u0131knat\u0131slar, elektrik zili, bilgisayar yap\u0131m\u0131,h\u0131zl\u0131 trenler,telefon kulakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, telgraf gibi ara\u00e7lar ve bir\u00e7ok elektronik arac\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Demir y\u00fckleme i\u015fleri yapan vin\u00e7ler, elektrom\u0131knat\u0131slarla y\u00fcklerini kald\u0131r\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca hurda toplama yerlerinde hurdalar elektrom\u0131knat\u0131slar sayesinde ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131p istenilen yere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Danimarkal\u0131 fizik\u00e7i Hans Christian Oersted, 1820 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir telden ge\u00e7en elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n telin yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki pusulan\u0131n ibresini oynatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece elektrikle manyetizm aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131. Oersted’ in bu bulu\u015fu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[340,2785,2786,627,2784],"class_list":["post-593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-elektromiknatis","tag-hans-christian-oersted","tag-joseph-henry","tag-miknatis","tag-william-sturgeon"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/593"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=593"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/593\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6714,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/593\/revisions\/6714"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=593"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=593"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=593"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}