M.\u00d6. 700 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Akdeniz y\u00f6resinde Fenikeliler ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131. M.\u00d6. 480 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Atinal\u0131lar-Persler sava\u015f\u0131nda da kad\u0131rgalar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. 1571 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Korint K\u00f6rfezi’nde H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n karma donanmas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk donanmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda meydana gelen \u0130nebaht\u0131 Sava\u015f\u0131, kad\u0131rgalar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 son b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma oldu. Yine de 18. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar kad\u0131rgalar\u0131n etkinli\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131rga, daha \u00e7ok Akdeniz’de kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ektiri (\u00e7ektirme) tipi bir sava\u015f gemisi. \u0130lk olarak 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Akdeniz’de deniz sava\u015flar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Antik \u00e7a\u011flardan beri kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. As\u0131l hareket mekanizmas\u0131 k\u00fcrektir ve yelken buna yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Standart bir Osmanl\u0131 kad\u0131rgas\u0131 40 metre boyunda 7-8 metre geni\u015fli\u011finde ve 24 oturakl\u0131d\u0131r. Bir ya da iki \u00fc\u00e7gen yelkenle hareket eder. Ancak kad\u0131rga s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ba\u015fka gemileri de ihtiva eder. Bu ebatlardan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ke\u015fif ama\u00e7l\u0131 “kalita”, “\u00e7ektirme” gibi gemiler oldu\u011fu gibi g\u00fcvertesinin alt\u0131nda k\u00fcrek \u00e7ekilen ba\u015ftarda g\u0131rap gibi modelleri de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda T\u00fcrk donanmas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda as\u0131l sava\u015f gemisi konumundad\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131nda 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na kadar kad\u0131rga kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131rga ince uzun yap\u0131s\u0131 ve al\u00e7ak bordas\u0131 sayesinde \u00e7ok s\u00fcratli ve k\u0131vrak hareket eden bu gemi tipi kalyon s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck yelkenli gemilere kar\u015f\u0131 avantajl\u0131yd\u0131. Kalyonlar yaln\u0131zca r\u00fczgarl\u0131 havalarda yol al\u0131rken kad\u0131rga r\u00fczgars\u0131z havalarda da yol alabilirdi. Ayr\u0131ca kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Latin yelkeni sayesinde r\u00fczgar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yol alabilirdi.<\/p>\n
16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kad\u0131rga kalyon kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fcst\u00fcn konumdayd\u0131. Ancak denizcilikte ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler sonucu kalyon yava\u015f yava\u015f kad\u0131rgay\u0131 yakalad\u0131. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren kalyon kad\u0131rga kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul ettirdi. Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 da bu d\u00f6nemde yava\u015f yava\u015f kalyona ge\u00e7i\u015f yap\u0131yordu. Ancak bu de\u011fi\u015fim kad\u0131rgan\u0131n de\u011ferini b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn yok etmedi. Daha 1.5 y\u00fczy\u0131l kad\u0131rga sava\u015f donanmalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131rgan\u0131n kalyona kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrat ve manevra \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vard\u0131. Bunun yan\u0131nda imalat\u0131 da 3 kat daha ucuzdu. Ancak kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fcrek\u00e7i gerektirmesi bu ucuzluk avantaj\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaktayd\u0131. Kalyon ise kad\u0131rgadan \u00e7ok daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak kalyonun geni\u015f y\u00fcksek ve a\u011f\u0131r g\u00f6vdesi bulunmakta; geni\u015f g\u00f6vde s\u00fcrat i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 uygun olmamakta ve arkadan r\u00fczgar almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece kalyonun yava\u015f ve hantal kalmas\u0131na sebep olmaktayd\u0131. 40 metre boyunda 7 metre geni\u015fli\u011finde bir kad\u0131rgan\u0131n m\u00fckemmel su direnci kalyonda yoktu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M.\u00d6. 700 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Akdeniz y\u00f6resinde Fenikeliler ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131. M.\u00d6. 480 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Atinal\u0131lar-Persler sava\u015f\u0131nda da kad\u0131rgalar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. 1571 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Korint K\u00f6rfezi’nde H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n karma donanmas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk donanmas\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345,24],"tags":[346],"class_list":["post-605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-askeri","category-gezi","tag-kadirga"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/605"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=605"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/605\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8644,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/605\/revisions\/8644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=605"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=605"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}