Parmak izlerinden kimlik saptanmas\u0131n\u0131n sistematik olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131, 1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hindistan’\u0131n Jagipur kentinde, William Herschel taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc. Bir devlet memuru olan Herschel, o y\u0131l\u0131n 28 Temmuz’unda, Nista k\u00f6y\u00fcnden Rajyadhar Konai adl\u0131 bir Hintli m\u00fcteahhit ile bir yol yap\u0131m\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Anla\u015fma ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne, Konai’ nin sa\u011f elinin i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n izlerini \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Herschel, resmi yaz\u0131\u015fmalara kendi m\u00fch\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc basmak i\u00e7in yeni yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir m\u00fcrekkebi kullan\u0131yordu. Konai’nin sa\u011f elinin i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bu m\u00fcrekkebe bat\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra k\u00e2\u011f\u0131da bast\u0131rd\u0131 ve elin b\u00fct\u00fcn izi oldu\u011fu gibi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Asl\u0131nda Herschel, bu ilk denemeyi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bulu\u015funun kimlik saptama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyordu ve b\u00f6yle bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi de yoktu. O yaln\u0131zca, Bengal as\u0131ll\u0131 Hintlinin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc korkutmak ve i\u015fi yar\u0131da b\u0131rak\u0131p ka\u00e7mas\u0131na engel olmak amac\u0131ndayd\u0131. Ama zamanla bulu\u015funun \u00f6nemini kavray\u0131nca, b\u00fcy\u00fck mutluluk duydu.<\/p>\n
1859 y\u0131l\u0131 Haziran ay\u0131nda Arrah Yarg\u0131c\u0131 olunca, parmak izi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na h\u0131z verdi. \u00d6nceleri, dostlar\u0131n\u0131n ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n parmak izlerini topluyordu. Ertesi y\u0131l Nuddea’ya ge\u00e7ince, bu kentte sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n doru\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00f6rd\u00fc. O zaman, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc anla\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin parmak iziyle onaylanmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Ama bu iste\u011fi, Kalk\u00fcta’daki Genel Sekreterlik taraf\u0131ndan geri \u00e7evrildi. 1877 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hoogley’e atand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda istedi\u011fi yetkiyi ald\u0131 ve parmak izinden resmi i\u015flemlerde yararlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Parmak izi y\u00f6nteminden polisin faydalanmas\u0131 ise, \u0130sko\u00e7yal\u0131 fizik\u00e7i Henry Faulds taraf\u0131ndan, Tokyo’daki Tsukiji Hastanesi’nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada geli\u015ftirildi. Faulds’un “Nature” dergisine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu mektup, 2 Ekim 1880’de yay\u0131nland\u0131: “E\u011fer bir bal\u00e7\u0131\u011fa, cama, ka\u011f\u0131da ya da herhangi bir \u015feyin \u00fczerine parmak izleri al\u0131n\u0131rsa, bu,su\u00e7lular\u0131n bulunmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ben, bu konuda iki deney yapt\u0131m ve \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar ald\u0131m. Deneylerden birinde, \u015fi\u015fenin \u00fczerinde kalan ya\u011fl\u0131 parmak izleri, yasak bir ilac\u0131 kimin i\u00e7ti\u011fini ele verdi. \u0130kinci olayda da beyaz badanal\u0131 bir duvara t\u0131rmanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir adam\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 parmak izleri, kendisinin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.” Ne yaz\u0131k ki,Henry Faulds’un \u00f6nerisi. \u0130sko\u00e7 polisi taraf\u0131ndan ciddiye al\u0131nmad\u0131. Parmak izlerinden yararlanmaya ba\u015flayan ilk polis birli\u011fi, Buenos Aires Eyalet Polisi’nin La Plata birimi oldu. Birim Komiseri Juan Vucetich’i su\u00e7lular\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini tasnif eden bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm kurmakla g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015fti. Vucetich, bu arada parmak izi y\u00f6nteminden de yararland\u0131 ve 31 Mart 1892’de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk parmak izi b\u00fcrosunu kurdu.<\/p>\n
La Plata polisinin, 1892 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Temmuz ay\u0131nda \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 dava, tarihe parmak iziyle ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lan ilk olay olarak ge\u00e7ti.\u00a0 29 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fc Buenos Aires’in banliy\u00f6lerinden Necochea’da Francisca Rojas adl\u0131 bir kad\u0131n, \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011fa evinden f\u0131rlad\u0131. \u00dcst\u00fc ba\u015f\u0131 kan i\u00e7indeydi. Sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7ocu\u011funun \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Kad\u0131n, bir \u00e7iftlikte i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kom\u015fusu Velasquez’i su\u00e7lad\u0131. Velasquez, uzun s\u00fcredir kendisiyle evlenmek istiyordu. Gen\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7i, ayn\u0131 ak\u015fam tutukland\u0131 ve itirafa zorland\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada, polisin kula\u011f\u0131na baz\u0131 s\u00f6ylentiler geldi. Bu dedikodulara g\u00f6re, kad\u0131n\u0131n evlenmek istedi\u011fi bir ba\u015fka adam vard\u0131. Ama bu adam, \u00e7ocuklu bir kad\u0131nla evlenemeyece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Bunun \u00fczerine poliste baz\u0131 ku\u015fkular ba\u015fg\u00f6sterdi. 8 Temmuz g\u00fcn\u00fc, La Plata’dan gelen M\u00fcfetti\u015f Eduardo Alvarez, olaya el koydu. Soru\u015fturma s\u0131ras\u0131nda, kad\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kul\u00fcbenin kap\u0131s\u0131nda baz\u0131 kanl\u0131 parmak izlerine rastlad\u0131. Alvarez, izlerin bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc keserek, incelemek \u00fczere La Plata’ya g\u00f6nderdi. Bu arada, kad\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 adam\u0131n parmak izlerini de al\u0131p La Plata’ya g\u00f6ndermeyi unutmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sonunda, kanl\u0131 parmak izlerinin kad\u0131na ait oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kan\u0131t kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sorguya \u00e7ekilen kad\u0131n\u0131n dili \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc ve su\u00e7unu itiraf etti. Sevdi\u011fi adamla evlenebilmek i\u00e7in kendi \u00e7ocu\u011funu \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. O d\u00f6nemde, Arjantin’de kad\u0131nlara idam cezas\u0131 verilmedi\u011finden, \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapse mahk\u00fbm oldu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Parmak izlerinden kimlik saptanmas\u0131n\u0131n sistematik olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131, 1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hindistan’\u0131n Jagipur kentinde, William Herschel taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc. Bir devlet memuru olan Herschel, o y\u0131l\u0131n 28 Temmuz’unda, Nista k\u00f6y\u00fcnden Rajyadhar Konai adl\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345,22],"tags":[347],"class_list":["post-615","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-askeri","category-toplum","tag-parmak-izi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/615"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=615"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6502,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/615\/revisions\/6502"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}