3 Aral\u0131k 1591’de Hamburg’da imzaland\u0131. Yang\u0131nda u\u011fran\u0131lacak maddi zarar\u0131 tazmin etmek \u00fczere haz\u0131rlanan bu ilk “poli\u00e7e”nin \u00fczerinde, 101 ki\u015finin imzas\u0131 vard\u0131. \u00c7o\u011fu bira \u00fcreticisi olan bu ki\u015filerden herhangi birisi, yang\u0131n sonucu mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirirse, bu kayb\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131 taahh\u00fct ediyordu. Bu ama\u00e7la bir fon kuruldu ve d\u00fczenli olarak fona aidat yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 1637 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren bu fon, Kent Meclisi’nin denetimine ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
Babilliler’in M.\u00d6. 1800 y\u0131llar\u0131nda geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi Hammurabi Kanunlar\u0131, sigortan\u0131n bilinen ilk hukuki \u015feklini i\u00e7eriyordu. Buna g\u00f6re, bir kervana haydutlar\u0131n sald\u0131rmas\u0131 halinde, zarar kervan sahipleri aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Antik Yunan ve Roma medeniyetlerinde bir t\u00fcr nakliyat sigortas\u0131 vard\u0131. Gemi sahipleri, ticaret seferine \u00e7\u0131kacaklar\u0131 zaman sermaye olarak deniz \u00f6d\u00fcnc\u00fc<\/i> denilen bir bor\u00e7 al\u0131rlard\u0131. E\u011fer gemi sa\u011f salim geri d\u00f6nerse, gemi sahibi deniz \u00f6d\u00fcnc\u00fc<\/i>n\u00fc misliyle geri \u00f6derdi. Ancak gemi yolda batarsa, deniz \u00f6d\u00fcnc\u00fc<\/i> gemi sahibinde kal\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yine ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, Rodos Kurallar\u0131 denilen bir d\u00fczenlemeyle m\u00fc\u015fterek avarya kavram\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re, kaptan bir tehlikeyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gemisini kurtarmak i\u00e7in y\u00fck\u00fcn bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 denize atarsa, bu zarar gemi ve y\u00fck sahipleri aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Cenevizliler tarihte sigortaya \u00f6zg\u00fc (di\u011fer ticari konular\u0131 i\u00e7ermeyen) ilk s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130spanya’da sigorta hukukuna ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131. 1435 ve 1436 y\u0131llar\u0131nda kabul edilen iki kararname ile nakliyat sigortalar\u0131na dair kurallar kondu.<\/p>\n
17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u0130ngiltere’de ilk sigorta \u015firketleri kurulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. O zamana dek sigorta i\u015fi t\u00fcccarlar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ancak 1666’da 13.200 ev ve 87 kiliseyi yok eden B\u00fcy\u00fck Londra Yang\u0131n\u0131 sonras\u0131nda \u00f6yle b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar olu\u015ftu ki, sadece yang\u0131n sigortas\u0131 \u00fczerine uzmanla\u015fan sigorta \u015firketleri kuruldu. \u00d6nemli bir ticaret merkezi olan Londra, bu y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren d\u00fcnya sigortac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen \u015fehri haline geldi.<\/p>\n
17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, Londra’n\u0131n d\u00fcnya ticaretindeki artan \u00f6nemi nedeniyle, bu \u015fehirde nakliyat sigortac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda da \u00f6nemli bir talep do\u011fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1680’lerin sonuna do\u011fru Edward Lloyd, Londra’da denizcilerin gitti\u011fi bir kahvehane a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kahve, zamanla gemilerini veya y\u00fcklerini sigorta ettirmek isteyenler ile bu riskleri kabul etmek isteyenlerin bulu\u015fma noktas\u0131 halini ald\u0131. Lloyd’s, zamanla kahvehaneden nakliyat ve \u00f6zel riskler konusunda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir sigorta borsas\u0131 haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Mucit ve siyaset adam\u0131 Benjamin Franklin, \u00fclkesi ABD’de sigortac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterdi. Kurdu\u011fu sigorta \u015firketi, yang\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sigorta yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, sigortal\u0131lar\u0131 yang\u0131n riskine kar\u015f\u0131 bilin\u00e7lendiriyor, y\u00fcksek riskli ah\u015fap binalar\u0131 sigortalam\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
3 Aral\u0131k 1591’de Hamburg’da imzaland\u0131. Yang\u0131nda u\u011fran\u0131lacak maddi zarar\u0131 tazmin etmek \u00fczere haz\u0131rlanan bu ilk “poli\u00e7e”nin \u00fczerinde, 101 ki\u015finin imzas\u0131 vard\u0131. \u00c7o\u011fu bira \u00fcreticisi olan bu ki\u015filerden herhangi birisi, yang\u0131n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317,22],"tags":[1132,349],"class_list":["post-622","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-is-dunyasi","category-toplum","tag-sigorta","tag-yangin-sigortasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/622"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=622"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/622\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10574,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/622\/revisions\/10574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}