{"id":6294,"date":"2016-12-01T02:36:04","date_gmt":"2016-12-01T00:36:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=6294"},"modified":"2017-01-01T02:36:47","modified_gmt":"2017-01-01T00:36:47","slug":"tuz-ruhunu-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=6294","title":{"rendered":"Tuz Ruhunu kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tuz ruhu <\/b>bilimsel ad\u0131yla Hidroklorik asit<\/b>, 9. y\u00fczy\u0131lda simyac\u0131 Cabir bin Hayyan<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi ve sonras\u0131nda simya alan\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Hidrojen ve klor elementlerinden olu\u015fan, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve normal bas\u0131n\u00e7ta s\u0131v\u0131 halinde bulunan kimyasal bir bile\u015fiktir.<\/p>\n

Hidroklorik Asiti Kim \u0130cat Etti, Tuz Ruhunun \u0130cad\u0131<\/h2>\n

Hidroklorik asit, ilk defa MS 800’lerde Cabir bin Hayyan adl\u0131 simyac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, sofra tuzunun s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit\u00a0ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla elde edildi. Cabir bin Hayyan, ke\u015ffettiklerini derleyerek 20 farkl\u0131 kitapta toplad\u0131. Bu 20 kitap, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca hem simyan\u0131n hem de asitlerin temel kitaplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131.\u00a0Cabir’in ke\u015fiflerinden biri de, hidroklorik asit ve nitrik asitin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanan kral suyudur. Kral suyu<\/strong>, uzun y\u0131llar boyunca, simyada \u00f6nemli bir yer edindi.<\/p>\n

Orta \u00c7a\u011f’da hidroklorik asit, Avrupa’da acidum salis<\/i>\u00a0ad\u0131yla bilinmekteydi. T\u00fcrkiye’de de kullan\u0131lan tuz ruhu<\/i> <\/strong>tabiri bug\u00fcn sadece temizlik ama\u00e7l\u0131 alanlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yine Avrupa’da kullan\u0131lan bir ba\u015fka kullan\u0131m olan muryatik asit<\/i> terimi,\u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u00e2l\u00e2 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Johann Rudolf Glauber<\/strong> adl\u0131 Alman kimyac\u0131, Mannheim i\u015flemi’nde sodyum klorit tuzunu ve s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asiti kullanarak sodyum s\u00fclfat ve hidrojen klor\u00fcr gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. \u0130ngiliz bilim adam\u0131 Joseph Priestley<\/strong> de 1772 y\u0131l\u0131nda saf hidrojen klor\u00fcr elde etmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Yine bir ba\u015fka \u0130ngiliz kimyac\u0131 Humphry Davy<\/strong>, asit \u00f6zelli\u011finin hidrojenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ileri geldi\u011fini saptayarak asitlerle anhidritlerin farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Leblanc ve\u00a0Solvay \u0130\u015flemleri<\/h2>\n

Sanayi Devrimi s\u00fcrecinde, sodyum karbonat (soda) gibi alkaliler ve yan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine olan talebin sonucu Nicolas Leblanc<\/strong> ad\u0131ndaki Frans\u0131z kimyac\u0131, bu alandaki sanayi dallar\u0131 i\u00e7in giri\u015fimde bulundu. Leblanc i\u015flemine g\u00f6re kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit kullanarak tuzun alkali olabilece\u011fi s\u00f6z konusuydu. 1863’teki Alkali Yasas\u0131<\/i>‘na ve ba\u015fka Avrupa \u00fclkelerindeki bilim adamlar\u0131nca ilan edilen benzer yasalara g\u00f6re, tepkimeye giren a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hidrojen klor\u00fcr, havaya kar\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Leblanc i\u015flemi, yerini hidroklorik asit yan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri olmaks\u0131z\u0131n Solvay i\u015flemi’ne b\u0131rakt\u0131. Bu i\u015flem, Leblanc i\u015flemine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha ucuz ve \u00e7ok daha kolay elde edilebilir bir y\u00f6ntemdi. Ba\u015fta 20. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki sanayi dallar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 talep art\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, zamanla hidroklorik asit, sanayinin bir\u00e7ok alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli yer edinmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 1988’den beri hidroklorik asit, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’in Narkotik \u00f6rg\u00fctleri taraf\u0131ndan 2. Tablo<\/i> g\u00f6stergeci olarak, narkotik te\u015fhislerinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/h2>\n

Sanayi Devrimi<\/strong> s\u0131ras\u0131nda, sanayideki \u00f6nemi ke\u015ffedilen asit, \u00f6nce Leblanc i\u015flemi, sonras\u0131nda Solvay i\u015flemi ile sanayi alan\u0131nda \u00fcretilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0Hidroklorik asit, tarihte yeni kolayl\u0131klar\u0131n ke\u015ffinde \u00f6nemli roller \u00fcstlendi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde PVC<\/strong>‘den demir-\u00e7eli\u011fe, organik madde \u00fcretiminden g\u0131da sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne kadar hemen hemen t\u00fcm alanlarda hidroklorik asit kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hidroklorik asit, hidrojen klor\u00fcr adl\u0131 maddenin, suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesiyle elde edilir. Ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda, hidrojen klor\u00fcr\u00fcn elde edilmesi de birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemle ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir. \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli hidrojen klor\u00fcr \u00fcretimlerinde, hemen hemen her zaman, madde ba\u015fka maddelerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak elde edilir.\u00a0Piyasa ad\u0131 tuz ruhu ve di\u011fer ad\u0131 ise Klorhidrik asit<\/strong>tir.<\/p>\n

Hidroklorik asit, sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kolayl\u0131klar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, zehirli bir maddedir ve insan dokular\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7o\u011fu y\u00fczeye b\u00fcy\u00fck tahribat verir. Bu nedenle bu asit ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.[6]<\/sup> Asit, toksik olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, g\u00f6zler ve deri i\u00e7in tahri\u015f edicidir, deride yan\u0131klara neden olmaktad\u0131r ve solunum sistemi i\u00e7in tahri\u015f edici \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.\u00a0Hidrojen klor\u00fcr<\/strong>, normal ko\u015fullarda \u221227.32\u00a0\u00b0C’de erir, 110\u00a0\u00b0C’de kaynar. Hidroklorik asidi elde edebilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle hidrojen klor\u00fcr gaz\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n elde edilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tuz ruhu bilimsel ad\u0131yla Hidroklorik asit, 9. y\u00fczy\u0131lda simyac\u0131 Cabir bin Hayyan taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi ve sonras\u0131nda simya alan\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Hidrojen ve klor elementlerinden olu\u015fan, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve normal bas\u0131n\u00e7ta s\u0131v\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,20],"tags":[2659,2660],"class_list":["post-6294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","category-ev","tag-hidroklorik-asit","tag-tuz-ruhu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6294"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6294"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6294\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7945,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6294\/revisions\/7945"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6294"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6294"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}