Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier\u00a0 26 A\u011fustos 1743\u00a0tarihleri aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f\u00a01794, Paris Frans\u0131z kimyac\u0131\u00a0K\u00fctlenin Korunumu Yasas\u0131’nu bulmu\u015ftur. Moder kimyan\u0131n temelini atan Lavoisier K\u00fctlenin Korunumu Kanunu \u015fu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. “Do\u011fan\u0131n t\u00fcm i\u015fleyi\u015flerinde hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin yoktan var edilmedi\u011fi, t\u00fcm deneysel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerde maddenin miktar olarak ayn\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, elementlerin t\u00fcm bile\u015fimlerinde nicel ve nitel \u00f6zelliklerini korudu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz bir aksiyom olarak ortaya s\u00fcrebiliriz.”<\/p>\n
K\u00fctlenin korunumu yasas\u0131<\/b>, zaman zaman Lomonosov-Lavoisier kanunu<\/b> olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan, kapal\u0131 bir sistemde var olan \u00e7evrimler ve i\u015flemler ne olursa olsun, k\u00fctlenin sabit kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten kanundur.<\/p>\n
K\u00fctlenin korunumu kanunu ilk kez Nas\u00eer\u00fcddin T\u00fbs\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da bu ilk s\u00fcr\u00fcmde eksiklikler mevcuttu; Maddenin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fini fakat yok olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
K\u00fctlenin korunumu kanunu ilk kez net bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 1789 tarihinde Lavoisier taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131labilmi\u015ftir. Nitekim bu sebepten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bazen kendisinin modern kimyan\u0131n babas\u0131<\/strong> oldu\u011fu da s\u00f6ylenir. Bununla birlikte, Mikhail Lomonosov asl\u0131nda benzeri fikirleri 1748’de ortaya atm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7e\u015fitli deneyler sonucu kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Lavoisier’in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fclleri bununla da s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir ve \u015fu isimler daha erken tarihlerde benzeri fikirleri ortaya atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Joseph Black (1728 – 1799), Henry Cavendish (1731 – 1810) ve Jean Rey (1583 – 1645)<\/p>\n Lavoisier bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda en ba\u015fta yanma olay\u0131na ili\u015fkin flogiston kuram\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi yeni\u00a0kuram\u0131 ile \u00fcn kazan\u0131r.\u00a0Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki kurama g\u00f6re, yanma; yanan nesnenin flogiston<\/i> denen, ama ne oldu\u011fu bilinmeyen, gizemli bir madde \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 demekti.\u00a0Kurama ters d\u00fc\u015fen ve a\u00e7\u0131klanamayan kimi g\u00f6zlemler vard\u0131. Asl\u0131nda yanma olay\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamadaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bir nedeni gazlara ili\u015fkin bilgi eksikli\u011fiydi. 1756’da \u0130sko\u00e7 kimyageri Joseph Black “sabit gaz” dedi\u011fi karbon dioksidi buluncaya dek bilinen tek gaz hava idi. \u0130ngiliz kimya bilgini Joseph Priestley daha sonra deneysel olarak 10 kadar yeni gaz ke\u015ffeder. Bunlardan biri onun “yetkin gaz” dedi\u011fi, ileride Lavoisier’nin “oksijen<\/strong>” ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi gazd\u0131r.\u00a0Priestley, oksijeni bulmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n flogiston kuram\u0131ndan kopamaz.<\/p>\n Lavoisier yanma olay\u0131 ile 1770’lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda ilgilenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kapal\u0131 bir kapta fosfor yak\u0131nca gaz\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fini, oysa kab\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131nda havan\u0131n i\u00e7eri girmesiyle birlikte gaz\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n az da olsa artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu g\u00f6zlemin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki kurama uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belliydi, ama daha doyurucu bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 da yoktu.\u00a0Lavoisier arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n ipucunu birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra Priestley’le Paris’te bulu\u015ftu\u011funda elde eder. Priestley c\u0131va oksit \u00fczerindeki deneylerinden s\u00f6z ederken buldu\u011fu “yetkin gaz”\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini belirtir.<\/p>\n Do\u011frusu, oksijenin ke\u015ffinde \u00f6ncelik Lavoisier’nin de\u011fildi; ama bu gaz\u0131n ger\u00e7ek \u00f6nemini ilk kavrayan bilim adam\u0131 oydu.<\/p>\n Belli miktarda havaya yer verilen bir kapta c\u0131va \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, c\u0131van\u0131n k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 c\u0131va okside d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesiyle a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131, havan\u0131n ise ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k yitirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Lavoisier deneylerinde bir ad\u0131m daha ileri gider: c\u0131vadan ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 c\u0131va oksidi (calx’\u0131) tartt\u0131ktan sonra daha fazla \u0131s\u0131t\u0131r; kora d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 oksidin giderek yok olmaya y\u00fcz tuttu\u011funu, geriye belli say\u0131da c\u0131va taneci\u011fiyle, solunum ve yanma s\u00fcrecinde atmosferik havadan daha etkili bir miktar “elastik ak\u0131c\u0131” kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptar. Elastik ak\u0131c\u0131 Priestley’in “yetkin gaz” dedi\u011fi \u015feydi.<\/p>\n Lavoisier \u00fcstelik bu art\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile c\u0131van\u0131n ilk a\u015famadaki \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131ndan azalan hava a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da e\u015fit oldu\u011funu belirler. Dahas\u0131, c\u0131va oksidin \u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda c\u0131vaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesiyle kaybetti\u011fi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k etkili b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle (yani oksijenle) birle\u015fmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. Ba\u015fta \u00f6nemsenmeyen bu kuram, suyun iki gaz\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015ftu\u011funa ili\u015fkin, Cavendish deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131nca, bilim \u00e7evrelerinin dikkatini \u00e7ekmede gecikmez.<\/p>\n Flogiston teorisi y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 art\u0131k. Yeni teorinin benimsenmesi, kimi ba\u011fnaz \u00e7evrelerin direnmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, uzun s\u00fcrmez. Kimyada geciken at\u0131l\u0131m, sonunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier\u00a0 26 A\u011fustos 1743\u00a0tarihleri aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f\u00a01794, Paris Frans\u0131z kimyac\u0131\u00a0K\u00fctlenin Korunumu Yasas\u0131’nu bulmu\u015ftur. Moder kimyan\u0131n temelini atan Lavoisier K\u00fctlenin Korunumu Kanunu \u015fu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. “Do\u011fan\u0131n t\u00fcm i\u015fleyi\u015flerinde hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[2684,1685,2683,2685],"class_list":["post-6315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-henry-cavendish","tag-joseph-priestley","tag-lavoisier","tag-mikhail-lomonosov"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6315"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6315"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6315\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6316,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6315\/revisions\/6316"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6315"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6315"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6315"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}