{"id":667,"date":"2011-01-03T02:52:32","date_gmt":"2011-01-03T00:52:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=667"},"modified":"2016-12-24T19:59:19","modified_gmt":"2016-12-24T17:59:19","slug":"lav-silahini-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=667","title":{"rendered":"Alev makinesi veya Lav silah\u0131n\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M.S. 674 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir Bizans filosu, &#8220;alev p\u00fcsk\u00fcrten t\u00fcpler&#8221; yard\u0131m\u0131yla, Arap gemilerinden olu\u015fan bir filoyu yok etmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Ancak, bu t\u00fcpler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sistemim g\u00f6steren form\u00fcller daha sonra ortadan kayboldu.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk etkin ve modern alev p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcc\u00fcleri, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve Almanlar taraf\u0131ndan Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bat\u0131 Cephesi&#8217;nde kullan\u0131lan ve Flammenwerfer denilen bu silahlar, biri bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 nitrojen, di\u011feri de benzin dolu iki t\u00fcpten olu\u015fuyordu. Nitrojenin ileriye do\u011fru f\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 benzin, \u00f6zel bir mekanizmadan ge\u00e7erken alev al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p>Alev makinesi veya lav silah\u0131, yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karmak amac\u0131yla tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ve alev ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok uzun bir s\u00fcre mekanik olarak kontrol edebilen cihaza verilen isimdir. Bu makineler Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 modellerinde alev ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar ile olu\u015fturulmakta, baz\u0131 modellerinde ise sistem gazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu askeri alev makinesinde yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ancak ticari ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lan alev makinelerinde ise do\u011fal gaz, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 propan kullan\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fcksek derecede daha g\u00fcvenli olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Askeriye taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan kontroll\u00fc yakma kapasitesi di\u011fer insanlarca tar\u0131mda (\u00f6rne\u011fin; \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 tarlalar\u0131nda) veya di\u011fer arazi i\u015flerinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu makineler ya bir operat\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r veya araca monte edilmek \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f olabilirler.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk askeri alev makineleri 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, siperler aras\u0131 yak\u0131n muharebelerde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ile kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 geni\u015flemi\u015ftir. Ta\u015f\u0131nabilir olanlar\u0131 iki par\u00e7adan olu\u015fur; kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 depo k\u0131sm\u0131 ve elinde tuttu\u011fu tabanca. Depo k\u0131sm\u0131 genellikle iki veya \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 silindir bi\u00e7imindeki t\u00fcpten olu\u015fur. \u0130ki silindirli sistemlerde, silindirlerden birinde s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yan\u0131c\u0131 gaz (genellikle nitrojen), di\u011ferinde de inceltilmi\u015f yan\u0131c\u0131 likit bulunur. \u00dc\u00e7 silindirli sistemlerde ise ortadaki t\u00fcpte s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gaz, d\u0131\u015f taraftaki di\u011fer iki t\u00fcpte yan\u0131c\u0131 likit vard\u0131r. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 gaz, yak\u0131t\u0131 t\u00fcpten d\u0131\u015far\u0131 iterek esnek yak\u0131t hortumu vas\u0131tas\u0131yla tabancaya iletir. Teti\u011fin \u00e7ekilmesiyle alev p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcl\u00fcr. Alev makinesi, kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in psikolojik, ona maruz kalan ki\u015fi i\u00e7in fiziksel olarak son derece ac\u0131 vericidir. \u00d6yle ki o d\u00f6nemde yasaklanmalar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmu\u015ftur. Alevden ziyade, yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 bile\u015fimler p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmesinin sonucu olarak, etkili menzili 50-80 metreye kadar \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<p>Askeri alev makineleri, kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok riski de beraberinde getirir;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>En b\u00fcy\u00fck dezavantajlar\u0131ndan biri, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hareket kabiliyetini k\u0131s\u0131tlayan a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Yak\u0131t\u0131 \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 t\u00fckettikleri i\u00e7in, kullan\u0131m\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6zen ve dikkat ister. Kullanan asker idareli kullanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Sava\u015f meydanlar\u0131nda fark edilmesi \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r. Bu durum da kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6zellikle keskin ni\u015fanc\u0131lar i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k hedef haline getirir.<\/li>\n<li>Alev makinesi ta\u015f\u0131yan askerler, sava\u015flarda her zaman i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikli hedef konumundad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Menzilleri, di\u011fer silahlara nazaran \u00e7ok daha k\u0131sa oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, hedefe olabildi\u011fince yakla\u015fmak zorunda olan kullan\u0131c\u0131, hayat\u0131n\u0131 riske atmak zorunda kalacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M.S. 674 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir Bizans filosu, &#8220;alev p\u00fcsk\u00fcrten t\u00fcpler&#8221; yard\u0131m\u0131yla, Arap gemilerinden olu\u015fan bir filoyu yok etmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Ancak, bu t\u00fcpler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sistemim g\u00f6steren form\u00fcller daha sonra ortadan kayboldu&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[1120,373,381],"class_list":["post-667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-askeri","tag-lav","tag-lav-silahi","tag-silah"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/667"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=667"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/667\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6497,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/667\/revisions\/6497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=667"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=667"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=667"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}