{"id":748,"date":"2011-01-07T03:18:29","date_gmt":"2011-01-07T01:18:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=748"},"modified":"2016-12-25T17:49:32","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T15:49:32","slug":"zeka-testi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=748","title":{"rendered":"Zeka Testi’ni kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

IQ testi ki\u015filerin zeka d\u00fczeylerini \u00f6l\u00e7meye yarayan zeka testidir, Parisli psikolog Alfred Binet<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi. 1896 y\u0131l\u0131nda Binet, 80 \u00e7ocuk \u00fczerinde ilk denemelerine ba\u015flad\u0131. Onlardan basit bir resmi tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131n\u0131 ya da baz\u0131 tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131 d\u00f6rt ya da be\u015f gruba ay\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Yeterli bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcresinden sonra zek\u00e2 oran\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen bir g\u00f6sterge geli\u015ftirdi ve bunu 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda L’Annee Psychologique’de yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Binet’nin g\u00f6stergesi, Paris E\u011fitim M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yetkilileri taraf\u0131ndan, zihinsel \u00f6z\u00fcrleri nedeniyle \u00f6zel bir okula gitmeleri \u00f6nerilen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 saptamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak, buna, zek\u00e2 testinin okullarda ilk kullan\u0131m\u0131 demek do\u011fru olmaz.<\/p>\n

Daha 1897 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Ebbinghaus<\/strong> adl\u0131 Alman psikologu, Binet’nin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak Silezya’daki baz\u0131 okullar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencilerine belirli testler uygulad\u0131. Ebbinghaus’un testleri, daha \u00e7ok \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerini \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlemeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu. Bu nedenle \u00e7ocuklardan, eksik s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri tamamlamalar\u0131 istendi.<\/p>\n

Zek\u00e2 testlerinin ilk kitlesel kullan\u0131m\u0131, 1917 Ekim’inde, ABD Ordu T\u0131p Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Testleri Leland Stanford \u00dcniversitesi’nden A.S. Otis haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Robert M. Yerkes de bunlar\u0131 askeri kurallara g\u00f6re uyarlad\u0131. Uygulaman\u0131n amac\u0131, askerleri zek\u00e2 d\u00fczeylerine g\u00f6re belirli gruplara ay\u0131rmak ve onlara al\u0131nacak sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re sorumluluk vermekti. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n sonuna kadar 1 milyon 726 bin 966 asker testten ge\u00e7irildi. Bunlardan 7 bin 800’\u00fc normal zek\u00e2 d\u00fczeyinin \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda bulundu ve derhal ordudan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na karar verildi. Bu arada, askerlerin y\u00fczde 30’unun okuma yazma bilmedi\u011fi de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Zek\u00e2 katsay\u0131s\u0131<\/b>, zek\u00e2 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/b> veya \u0130ngilizce intelligence quotient<\/i> ‘den IQ<\/b>, zek\u00e2y\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7me ama\u00e7l\u0131 birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f testlerden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan de\u011ferdir. IQ deyimi Almanca Intelligenzquotient<\/i> olarak Alman psikolog Wilhelm Stern taraf\u0131ndan 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda Alfred Binet ve Theodore Simon’un tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi zekay\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in ortaya koydu\u011fu bir y\u00f6ntemdir. IQ deyimi yayg\u0131n olsa da, Wenchsler Yeti\u015fkin \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc gibi modern IQ test de\u011ferlendirmeleri art\u0131k orta de\u011feri (ortalama zeka) 100 olan ve standart sapmas\u0131 15 olan bir \u00e7an e\u011frisine g\u00f6re \u00f6znenin konumland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Fakat baz\u0131 testlerde farkl\u0131 standart sapma de\u011ferleri olabilir.<\/p>\n

IQ sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck, hastal\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k,\u00a0ailevi sosyal konum ve \u00f6nemli unvanlarla ve ailesel IQ ile ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Veraseti neredeyse y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lsa da, kal\u0131tsall\u0131k miktar\u0131 ve kal\u0131tsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olup olmas\u0131nda anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar vard\u0131r.\u00a0IQ sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, e\u011fitimsel ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n k\u00e2hini veya \u00f6zel ihtiya\u00e7 olarak n\u00fcfustaki IQ de\u011ferlerini ve bunlarla di\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin ili\u015fkisini inceleyen toplum bilimcileri taraf\u0131ndan ve i\u015f veriminin ve gelirin k\u00e2hini olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar bir\u00e7ok halk\u0131n zek\u00e2 katsay\u0131s\u0131, Flynn etkisi ad\u0131 verilen bir fenomenle her on y\u0131lda \u00fc\u00e7 say\u0131 artacak \u015fekilde y\u00fckseliyor. Bu sonu\u00e7lardaki de\u011fi\u015fmelerin ger\u00e7ek hayattaki zihinsel yetenekleri veya yaln\u0131z ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve \u015fimdiki zamandaki testlerin metodolojik sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131p yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IQ testi ki\u015filerin zeka d\u00fczeylerini \u00f6l\u00e7meye yarayan zeka testidir, Parisli psikolog Alfred Binet taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi. 1896 y\u0131l\u0131nda Binet, 80 \u00e7ocuk \u00fczerinde ilk denemelerine ba\u015flad\u0131. Onlardan basit bir resmi tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131n\u0131 ya…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,14,22],"tags":[2780,2782,2781,1089,1087,411],"class_list":["post-748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","category-egitim","category-toplum","tag-alfred-binet","tag-iq","tag-iq-testi","tag-test","tag-zeka","tag-zeka-testi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/748"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=748"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/748\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6710,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/748\/revisions\/6710"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}