{"id":778,"date":"2011-01-08T03:04:06","date_gmt":"2011-01-08T01:04:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=778"},"modified":"2018-02-14T20:45:37","modified_gmt":"2018-02-14T18:45:37","slug":"deniz-feneri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=778","title":{"rendered":"Deniz fenerini kim buldu, \u0130lk deniz feneri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bilinen en eski deniz feneri, M\u00d6 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Sigeon&#8217;da, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131yla, Kumkale&#8217;de (\u00c7anakkale) yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n Trakya yakas\u0131ndaki Tim\u00e9e ve kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Chrysopolis (\u00dcsk\u00fcdar) fenerleri M\u00d6 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir di\u011feri D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Yedi Harikas\u0131&#8217;ndan biri, M\u0131s\u0131r \u0130skenderiye Liman\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131nda bir adada bulunan 116 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki \u0130skenderiye Feneridir. \u0130skenderiye Feneri\u00a0M.\u00d6. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yap\u0131ld\u0131. Tepesindeki madeni bir kapta ate\u015f yak\u0131l\u0131yordu. S\u00f6ylentilere g\u00f6re bu ate\u015f 45 kilometre \u00f6teden rahat\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclebiliyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Eski deniz fenerlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, k\u0131y\u0131lara hakim yerlerde yap\u0131ld\u0131. Romal\u0131lar, imparatorluklar\u0131 geni\u015fledik\u00e7e, yeni deniz fenerleri yapt\u0131lar. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde, Karadeniz ve Atlantik k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda 30 kadar deniz feneri vard\u0131. \u0130ngiltere&#8217;de Dover Liman\u0131&#8217;nda, Romal\u0131lardan kalma bir fenerin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n antik \u00e7a\u011fdaki yedi harikas\u0131ndan biri olan \u0130skenderiye Feneri, M.\u00d6. 280 y\u0131l\u0131nda Knidos&#8217;lu Sostrates taraf\u0131ndan Pharos adas\u0131 \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 135 metre olan bu fenerin \u015f\u00f6hreti ve y\u00fcksekli\u011fi bu g\u00fcne kadar a\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda meydana gelen bir depremde y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130talya&#8217;daki en eski fener Messina&#8217;da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Brindisi, Ravenna, Puzzuoli ve Capri fenerleri, Roma d\u00f6neminin di\u011fer tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130mparator Caligula taraf\u0131ndan M.S. 40 y\u0131l\u0131nda in\u015fa edilen Boulogne feneri 17. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dover&#8217;de ve Herk\u00fcl S\u00fctunu ad\u0131yla bilinen La Coruna&#8217;daki (\u0130spanya) fenerler ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemin di\u011fer tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Fener \u00c7e\u015fitleri<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>K\u0131y\u0131 Fenerleri<\/li>\n<li>Anakara fenerleri<\/li>\n<li>Ada fenerleri<\/li>\n<li>Deniz Kayakl\u0131klar\u0131 ve S\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 Fenerleri<\/li>\n<li>Derin Deniz Fenerleri<\/li>\n<li>Dalgak\u0131ran Fenerleri<\/li>\n<li>Do\u011frultu Fenerleri<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Fenerlerin I\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Odun ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr: Isle of May&#8217;de 1810, St. Bees&#8217;te 1823 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Ya\u011f: 1823 ten itibaren kullan\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015fland\u0131. (Balina, domuz , kakao, kolza ya\u011f\u0131 ve madeni ya\u011flar\u0131)<\/li>\n<li>Akkor G\u00f6mlekli Madeni Ya\u011f Yak\u0131c\u0131lar: 1898&#8217;den itibaren,<\/li>\n<li>Hava gaz\u0131: 1837&#8217;den itibaren,<\/li>\n<li>Petrol gaz\u0131: 1870&#8217;lerden itibaren,<\/li>\n<li>Asetilen: 1896&#8217;dan itibaren kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Elektrik: \u0130lk deneyler 1858 de yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130lk uygulamalar ise 1886 da Isle of May&#8217;de ve 1888 de St. Catherine&#8217;de yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/ilginc-icatlar\/\">\u0130lgin\u00e7<\/a> Bilgiler<\/h2>\n<p>A\u00e7\u0131k denizde kayal\u0131klar \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ilk ta\u015f deniz feneri, Smeaton taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan Eddystone fener kulesidir (1759). Smeaton in\u015faat m\u00fchendisli\u011finin babas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131n\u0131r. Fener in\u015faat\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, yeni uygulamalar icat etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin ta\u015flar\u0131n birbirine ge\u00e7me olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, deniz \u00e7imentosu, ta\u015flar\u0131 gemiden in\u015faat sahas\u0131na aktarmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u00f6zel vin\u00e7ler bunlardan sadece \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Fenercilerin hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden uzun zaman karaya \u00e7\u0131kamamalar\u0131 durumunda, yiyecek t\u00fckendi\u011finde, ayd\u0131nlatmada kullan\u0131lan mumlar\u0131 yemeleri gerekebiliyordu. O zamanki mumlar hayvansal ve bitkisel ya\u011f k\u00f6kenli olduklar\u0131ndan sindirilebilen t\u00fcrden idiler. D\u00fcnyada n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7le \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan tek fener Estonya&#8217;daki Tallinn feneridir.<\/p>\n<p>Fener \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funu artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in dev boyutlarda cam prizmalar ve mercekler kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 5 tona ula\u015f\u0131yordu. Merceklerin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu platform c\u0131va \u00fcst\u00fcnde y\u00fcz\u00fcyor ve bir parmak iti\u015fi ile harekete ge\u00e7ebiliyordu. Alaska&#8217;daki Scotch Cap deniz feneri 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanusta meydana gelen 7,3 \u015fiddetinde bir depremden sonra k\u0131y\u0131daki y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 30 metreyi a\u015fan bir tsunami dalgas\u0131 ile y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 5 ki\u015filik fener personeli kaybolmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eiddetli f\u0131rt\u0131nalarda dalgalar 45 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki bir fener kulesini tamamen \u00f6rtebilmekte ve fener fanusunun 12,5\u00a0mm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki camlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rabilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Fanus i\u00e7ine o kadar \u00e7ok deniz suyu girebilir ki fenerciler sularla beraber merdivenlerden s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmemek i\u00e7in kendilerini merdiven korkuluklar\u0131na ba\u011flamak zorunda kalabilirler.<\/p>\n<p>En \u015fanss\u0131z deniz feneri yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, en sa\u011flam deniz fenerini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanan Henry Winstanley&#8217;dir. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 fenerin sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7ok g\u00fcveniyordu. Herkese, en \u015fiddetli f\u0131rt\u0131nada bile fener i\u00e7inde kalmak istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Dile\u011fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti, fakat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 fener, \u0130ngiltere tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ve dalgalara s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen fenerde hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n<p>Bir zamanlar Longships deniz feneri bak\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kayal\u0131k korsanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak bak\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 fenerde unuttuklar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z i\u00e7inde aile \u0130ncil&#8217;inin de bulundu\u011fu kitaplar\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131karak, babas\u0131 serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar ya\u011f lambas\u0131n\u0131 yanar durumda tutmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Fransa&#8217;da Brittany k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndaki Vierge adas\u0131nda bulunan fenerin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 83 metre olup d\u00fcnyadaki en y\u00fcksek tu\u011fla fener kulesidir.<\/p>\n<p>Amerika&#8217;n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek fener kulesi Cape Hatteras&#8217;t\u0131r. Tepeli\u011fine kadar olan y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 63,40 metredir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en y\u00fcksek feneri Japonya&#8217;da Yokohama&#8217;daki Yamashita park i\u00e7inde bulunan 106 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki \u00e7elik konstr\u00fcksiyon fener kulesidir.<\/p>\n<p>Cristof Colomb&#8217;un amcas\u0131 olan Antonio Columbo 1449 y\u0131l\u0131nda me\u015fhur Cenova fenerinin bak\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 idi. 1895 te Yeni Zelanda&#8217;da, Stephen adas\u0131nda nadir bir \u00e7al\u0131ku\u015fu t\u00fcr\u00fc ke\u015ffedildi. Yok olan t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn son \u00f6rne\u011fi olan bu \u00e7al\u0131ku\u015funu deniz feneri bak\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kedisi yedi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bilinen en eski deniz feneri, M\u00d6 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Sigeon&#8217;da, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131yla, Kumkale&#8217;de (\u00c7anakkale) yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n Trakya yakas\u0131ndaki Tim\u00e9e ve kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Chrysopolis (\u00dcsk\u00fcdar) fenerleri M\u00d6 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345,24],"tags":[1071,428,1070],"class_list":["post-778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-askeri","category-gezi","tag-deniz","tag-deniz-feneri","tag-fener"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=778"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9583,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778\/revisions\/9583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}