Zincir ma\u011fazalar\u0131n temeli 2 \u015eubat 1879 g\u00fcn\u00fc New York’ta Frank Winfield Woolworth adl\u0131 bir giri\u015fimci taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan bir ma\u011fazayla\u00a0at\u0131ld\u0131. \u00a0“Ne al\u0131rsan 5 sent” slogan\u0131yla m\u00fc\u015fterilerini beklemeye ba\u015flad\u0131, beklenen ilgiyi g\u00f6remedi. Baz\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde ancak 2.5 dolarl\u0131k sat\u0131\u015f yapabiliyordu. Bunun \u00fczerine Haziran ay\u0131nda Lancaster’a ta\u015f\u0131nmaya karar verdi. Parolas\u0131 yine ayn\u0131yd\u0131. D\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli, fakat ucuz mallar bulunduruyordu ve ne al\u0131n\u0131rsa al\u0131ns\u0131n, fiyat 5 sentti. Lancaster denemesi, Woolworth i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek bir zafer oldu. Bunun \u00fczerine d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zla art\u0131rd\u0131 ve \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden Do\u011fu Sahilleri’ndeki hemen t\u00fcm kent ve kasabalarda birer \u015fube a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n
1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda da Michael Marks ve Tom Spencer, \u0130ngiltere’nin Manchester kentinde “Penny Bazar-Peni Pazar\u0131” adl\u0131 bir d\u00fckk\u00e2n a\u00e7t\u0131lar. 28 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc iki ortak aras\u0131nda imzalanan anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, Spencer, Marks’a 300 sterlin bor\u00e7lan\u0131yordu ve bunu k\u00e2r\u0131ndan \u00f6deyecekti. Polonya as\u0131ll\u0131 bir Yahudi olan Michael Marks, 1884 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere’ye geldi\u011finde, cebinde bir meteli\u011fi bile yoktu. Okuma-yazma bilmedi\u011fi gibis tek \u0130ngilizce s\u00f6zc\u00fck de bilmiyordu. Bir g\u00fcn yol sormak i\u00e7in \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesti\u011fi Isaac Dewhirst adl\u0131 toptanc\u0131n\u0131n (Spencer’in patronuydu) kendisine a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 5 sterlinlik krediyle seyyar sat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Kirgate pazar\u0131nda kurdu\u011fu ilk tezg\u00e2h\u0131nda, mallar\u0131 fiyatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131ralama y\u00f6ntemini uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u0130ngitere’ye geleli hen\u00fcz birka\u00e7 ay olmu\u015ftu. Tom Spencer’le birlikte ucuzluk pazarlar\u0131 zinciri kurdu\u011funda, Manchester caddelerinde say\u0131s\u0131z i\u015fporta tezg\u00e2h\u0131 vard\u0131. 1900 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda Penny Bazaar adl\u0131 ucuzluk d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131, 3’\u00fc Londra’da olmak \u00fczere 12’ye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hemen herkese ve her eve gerekli olan y\u00fczlerce kalem mal, bu d\u00fckk\u00e2nlarda .1 peniye sat\u0131l\u0131yordu. 1915 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, \u0130ngiltere’nin her taraf\u0131ndaki Penny Bazaar’lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 140’a ula\u015ft\u0131. 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda iki ortak, Penny Bazaar sisteminden ayr\u0131 olarak modern al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f ma\u011fazalar\u0131 kurmaya karar verdiler ve Marks and Spencer ma\u011fazalar zincirinin ilki Darlington’- da a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Zincir ma\u011fazalar\u0131n temeli 2 \u015eubat 1879 g\u00fcn\u00fc New York’ta Frank Winfield Woolworth adl\u0131 bir giri\u015fimci taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan bir ma\u011fazayla\u00a0at\u0131ld\u0131. \u00a0“Ne al\u0131rsan 5 sent” slogan\u0131yla m\u00fc\u015fterilerini beklemeye ba\u015flad\u0131, beklenen ilgiyi g\u00f6remedi….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317],"tags":[2043,2042,1065,435,436],"class_list":["post-794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-is-dunyasi","tag-alisveris-merkezi","tag-avm","tag-magaza","tag-magazalar-zinciri","tag-marks-and-spencer"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/794"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=794"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/794\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1894,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/794\/revisions\/1894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}