\u0130ngiltere’de, Liverpool Belediyesi taraf\u0131ndan, Belediye Meclisi’nin 1864 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir karar do\u011frultusunda in\u015faat\u0131na ba\u015flanan sosyal konutlar, 1869 y\u0131l\u0131nda bitirildi. D\u00f6rt ve \u00fc\u00e7 katl\u0131 bloklar halinde yapt\u0131r\u0131lan sosyal konutlarda toplam 124 daire vard\u0131. “St. Martin Kul\u00fcbeleri” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu daireler, arsa pay\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere 18 sterline mal oldu.<\/p>\n
Dairelerin k\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve banyosu yoktu. Her katta bir tuvalet vard\u0131 ve o kattaki daire sakinleri, bu tuvaleti ortakla\u015fa kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Yerle\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda, bir dairenin y\u0131ll\u0131k kira \u00fccreti 1.4 sterlindi. H\u00e2l\u00e2 kullan\u0131lan d\u00f6rt katl\u0131 binalar, 1950’li y\u0131llarda restore edildiler. \u00dc\u00e7 katl\u0131 binalar ise, \u00f6tekilere daha \u00e7ok g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve temiz hava sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Apartman olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olsa da birden fazla ailenin birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konut tipinin ge\u00e7mi\u015finin Antik Roma d\u00f6nemine kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131, Orta\u00e7a\u011f’da kent boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi ile bu konut tipinin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.\u00a0Sonralar\u0131 \u0130sko\u00e7ya’n\u0131n kuzeyinde, end\u00fcstri devriminden \u00f6nce h\u0131zla geli\u015fen b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerde, \u00e7ok aileyi bar\u0131nd\u0131ran b\u00fcy\u00fck konut yap\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlam\u0131 ile apartman tipi yap\u0131lar\u0131n Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda end\u00fcstrile\u015fmeyle birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.[5]<\/sup> Avrupa’da ilk apartman\u0131n Paris’te, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan ba\u015flayarak artan kentsel b\u00fcy\u00fcme sonucunda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve burjuvazinin yap\u0131 tipi oldu\u011fu iddia edilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca birinci ya da en \u00fcst katta ev sahibinin oturdu\u011fu dairenin olmas\u0131 gibi bir sosyal tabakalanma da s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n Viyana, Berlin, Roma, \u0130spanya, Rusya gibi kentler apartmanla\u015fmaya kendi katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130stanbul’daki ilk apartman \u00f6rnekleri, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda, Beyo\u011flu’nun Pera ve Galata b\u00f6lgelerinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0\u0130stanbul’da “apartman<\/i>” ad\u0131 ilk olarak II. Abd\u00fclhamit d\u00f6neminde \u015eehzadeba\u015f\u0131’nda Serasker R\u0131za Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n kona\u011f\u0131 Letafet Apartman\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Apartman t\u00fcr\u00fc konutlar Orta Avrupa’dan sonra Amerika’da ilk kez 1869’da New York’ta g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n konut gereksinmesini kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere dar cepheli, yan yana dizilmi\u015f odalardan olu\u015fan bir plan \u015femas\u0131 g\u00f6stermekte, ayn\u0131 zamanda tek-katl\u0131 konutun t\u00fcm elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 da bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bir oda ve banyodan olu\u015fan tiplerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, 54 odaya 16 banyo olan ya da daha \u00fcst gelir grubundakiler i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Amerika’a \u00f6zg\u00fc tiplerine de rastlanmaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0130ngiltere’de, Liverpool Belediyesi taraf\u0131ndan, Belediye Meclisi’nin 1864 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir karar do\u011frultusunda in\u015faat\u0131na ba\u015flanan sosyal konutlar, 1869 y\u0131l\u0131nda bitirildi. D\u00f6rt ve \u00fc\u00e7 katl\u0131 bloklar halinde yapt\u0131r\u0131lan sosyal konutlarda toplam 124…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,22],"tags":[2815,1064,437],"class_list":["post-796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ev","category-toplum","tag-apartman","tag-konut","tag-toplu-konut"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=796"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7137,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796\/revisions\/7137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}