LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas)\u00a0\u0131s\u0131tma cihazlar\u0131nda, pi\u015firme cihazlar\u0131nda ve arabalarda yak\u0131t olarak kullan\u0131lan hidrokarbon gazlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131c\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Sadece propan veya b\u00fctan olarak da bilinir.\u00a0Ozon tabakas\u0131ndaki hasar\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in klorofluorokarbonlar\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7erek, aerosol itici ve bir so\u011futucu madde olarak giderek daha fazla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle araba yak\u0131t\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genellikle otogaz olarak an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
LPG ilk olarak Walter O. Snelling<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan 1910’da petrol\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015feni olarak ke\u015ffedildi. Dr. Walter O. Snelling Amerika Maden B\u00fcrosunda kimyager ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 uzman\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yap\u0131yordu. LPG’nin bulunu\u015fu bir Ford Model T kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Snelling’e sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 benzinin eve gidene kadar yar\u0131yar\u0131ya azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun neden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sormas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0Ara\u00e7 sahibi, benzinin buharla\u015fmas\u0131yla t\u00fcketicilerin doland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bunu ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n B\u00f6ylece, Snelling bir cam s\u00fcrahiye arabadaki benzinden doldurdu. Laboratuvara geri d\u00f6nerken, s\u00fcrahide mantar olu\u015ftu\u011funu ve bunun yan\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 benzinin, geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde\u00a0yar\u0131ya kadar azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 farketti.<\/p>\n Hemen\u00a0eski bir s\u0131cak su \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve di\u011fer \u00e7e\u015fitli laboratuar ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak benzini s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz bile\u015fenlerine ay\u0131ran bir mekanizma kurdu.<\/p>\n Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile Snelling, s\u0131v\u0131 benzinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn asl\u0131nda propan, b\u00fctan ve di\u011fer hidrokarbonlar da dahil olmak \u00fczere LPG’den olu\u015ftu\u011funu ke\u015ffetti.\u00a0Bu bile\u015fenleri\u00a0kontrol etmek ve buharla\u015farak yok olmalar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in bu gazlarla ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Snelling’den bir s\u00fcre sonra LPG’nin ayd\u0131nlatma, metal kesme ve pi\u015firme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini fark etti.\u00a0Bu ke\u015fif, bir LPG end\u00fcstrisinin do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.\u00a0Snelling, do\u011fal benzinin rafine edilmesi esnas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan LPG’nin s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntemler geli\u015ftirdi. LPG’nin ilk ticari pazarlamac\u0131s\u0131 American Gasol Company’yi kurdu.\u00a0Snelling, 1911 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar nispeten saf propan \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda LPG teknolojisine bir ABD patenti verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n LPG s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi, gaz\u0131n petrol taban\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve toplanmas\u0131\u00a0sayesinde yap\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0LPG petrokimyasal kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlardan, do\u011fal gazdan ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma veya ham petrol\u00fcn rafine edilmesiyle iki yoldan izole edilir.\u00a0Her iki s\u00fcre\u00e7 petrol kuyusu a\u00e7arak ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n LPG, i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlar\u0131 beslemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, genellikle otogaz veya otomatik propan olarak an\u0131l\u0131r. Baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde, buji k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m ate\u015flemeli motorlar i\u00e7in benzine bir alternatif olarak 1940’lardan beri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Benzinden LPG’ye \u00e7evrilen ilk araba 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Algas adl\u0131 \u015firketin \u00fcretti\u011fi lpg tank\u0131 araban\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131na yerle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc ve bagaj\u0131n \u00fczerine tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu nedenle pek ilgi g\u00f6rmedi. Los Angeles’ta Carnation Company \u015firketi 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ford kamyonu LPG ye \u00e7evirmi\u015f, yak\u0131t masraflar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra \u015firkete ait 200 adet arac\u0131 daha LPG ye \u00e7evirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n 600 milyon otomobilinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 16 milyonu\u00a0Otogaz kullanmaktad\u0131r. Otogaz\u00a0D\u00fcnyadaki en pop\u00fcler \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc otomobil yak\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Otogazl\u0131 binek ara\u00e7lar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131, en b\u00fcy\u00fck be\u015f pazarda T\u00fcrkiye, G\u00fcney Kore, Polonya, \u0130talya ve Avustralya da yer almaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada otogaz kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu \u00fclke\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye’dir.<\/p>\nOtogaz<\/h2>\n
LPG’li Otomobiller \/ T\u00fcpl\u00fc Arabalar<\/h2>\n