{"id":8056,"date":"2011-10-30T16:31:23","date_gmt":"2011-10-30T14:31:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8056"},"modified":"2018-02-14T20:42:57","modified_gmt":"2018-02-14T18:42:57","slug":"okyanus-akintilarini-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8056","title":{"rendered":"Okyanus Ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Okyanus ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u201dDeniz nehirleri<\/strong>\u201d ni kim ke\u015ffetti.\u00a018. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda, Benjamin Franklin adl\u0131 gen\u00e7 bir adam, Amerikan S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri Posta Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ilk u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri postan\u0131n \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye gidi\u015f-geli\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak olmu\u015ftu. Baz\u0131 kaptanlar\u0131n Atlantik\u2019deki ak\u0131nt\u0131lardan yararlanarak, yolculuklar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fka denizcilerden daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yapabilmekte olduklar\u0131na dikkat etti. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 sonunda bu denizcilerin Atlantik Okyanusu\u2019ndaki bir ak\u0131nt\u0131dan yararland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi. Bu ak\u0131nt\u0131ya Golfstrim<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Franklin bu b\u00f6lgede birtak\u0131m yolculuklar yapt\u0131 ve sonunda Golfstrim\u2019in Atlas Okyanusu\u2019ndaki ortalama yerini g\u00f6steren bir harita yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Bu haritadan yararlanan o zaman\u0131n denizcileri Atlantik\u2019i daha k\u0131sa zamanda ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Franklin\u2019in haritas\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f bir okyanus ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ilk bilinen haritas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ak\u0131nt\u0131 nehire benzetilebilir.<\/p>\n

Denizlerde Yo\u011funluk ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve nedenleri<\/h3>\n

Bir an i\u00e7in iki b\u00f6lmeli bir su deposu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Sa\u011fdaki b\u00f6lmede tuzlu su, soldaki b\u00f6lmede ise tatl\u0131 su bulunsun. Tuzlu su i\u00e7indeki tuz nedeniyle tatl\u0131 sudan daha yo\u011fun ve a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r. Deponun ortas\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lme kald\u0131r\u0131lacak olursa, daha a\u011f\u0131r olan tuzlu su deponun dibini doldurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, daha hafif olan tatl\u0131 su da yukar\u0131 do\u011fru itilecektir. Daha a\u011f\u0131r olan tuzlu su sola do\u011fru ve daha hafif olan tatl\u0131 suyun alt\u0131na do\u011fru hareket edecek, daha hafif olan su ise daha a\u011f\u0131r olan suyun \u00fcst\u00fcnde sa\u011fa do\u011fru gidecektir. Bu iki su kitlesinin yo\u011funluklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark, yatay bir hareketin yani bir ak\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.
\nYo\u011funluk de\u011fi\u015fimi, bu \u00f6rnekte oldu\u011fu gibi, tuzluluk fark\u0131ndan ileri gelebilece\u011fi gibi, \u0131s\u0131 fark\u0131yla da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. So\u011fuk su \u0131l\u0131k sudan daha a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r. Okyanuslar\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri \u00f6teki b\u00f6lgelere oranla daha \u00e7ok g\u00fcne\u015f al\u0131r; bundan da iki \u015fey do\u011far: Birincisi, \u0131s\u0131 fark\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kincisi ise buharla\u015fma farklar\u0131yla ilgilidir. Il\u0131k su so\u011fuk suya oranla daha az yo\u011fundur, \u00f6te yandan buharla\u015fma sonucu tuzlulu\u011fu artan suyun da yo\u011funlu\u011fu artar, b\u00f6ylece g\u00fcne\u015fin \u0131s\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 su kitlesi bir yandan yo\u011funlu\u011fundan kaybederken \u00f6te yandan buharla\u015fma sonucu tuzluluk oran\u0131 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yo\u011funlu\u011fu gene artar.<\/p>\n

Okyanuslar\u0131n tropik b\u00f6lgelerine rastlayan b\u00f6lgelerinde \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n etkisi daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olup, bu sular kutup b\u00f6lgedekilerden daha az yo\u011fundur. Durum, ger\u00e7ekten de de\u011fi\u015fik yo\u011funlukta iki su kitlesini i\u00e7eren deponun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekteki bir kopyas\u0131 gibidir. Ancak, i\u015fin temel ilkesi gene ayn\u0131d\u0131r ve buna uygun olarak aras\u0131ndaki fark, y\u00fczey sular\u0131n\u0131n kutuplara do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmelerine yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Bazen, ayr\u0131 nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, \u00e7ok daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00f6lgelerde de yo\u011funluk fark\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. \u00f6rne\u011fin, bir nehirden denize d\u00f6k\u00fclen su, daha hafif olan tatl\u0131 suyun, daha a\u011f\u0131r olan tuzlu suyla yanyana bulunmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Nehir suyu ile deniz suyu aras\u0131ndaki yo\u011funluk fark\u0131 da ak\u0131nt\u0131lar meydana getirir. Denizbilimciler ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli bir\u00e7ok ayg\u0131tlarla \u00f6l\u00e7erler. Bunlar\u0131n en eski ve yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir pervanedir. Bu pervane ak\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131yla d\u00f6nerek akan kitlenin h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 bildirir.
\nSuyun hareketi bazen de \u015famand\u0131raya benzeyen bir nesneyi suya b\u0131rak\u0131p, bunun suyla birlikte hareket etmesini izleyerek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Denizbilim- cilerin ba\u015fka bir ak\u0131nt\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7me y\u00f6ntemi de denize y\u00fczer kapal\u0131 \u015fi\u015feler ya da kaplar b\u0131rakmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka ilgin\u00e7<\/a> \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm ayg\u0131t\u0131 da, ad\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ngiliz denizbilimcisi Dr. Swallow\u2019dan alan \u201cSwallow \u015famand\u0131ras\u0131\u201dd\u0131r. Bu ayg\u0131t\u0131n temel yap\u0131s\u0131, iki ucundan su girmeyecek bi\u00e7imde kapanm\u0131\u015f bir borudur. Bu boru \u00f6yle tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, istenilen derinlikte y\u00fczebilmesini sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde ayarlanabilir, istenilen derinlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc ayarland\u0131ktan sonra, ayg\u0131t gemiden denize b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r ve belli derinli\u011fe gelince ses titre\u015fimi kay\u0131t ayg\u0131t\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla dipteki ak\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 saptanm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Okyanus ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u201dDeniz nehirleri\u201d ni kim ke\u015ffetti.\u00a018. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda, Benjamin Franklin adl\u0131 gen\u00e7 bir adam, Amerikan S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri Posta Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ilk u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri postan\u0131n \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye gidi\u015f-geli\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[1419,1071,2955,2954],"class_list":["post-8056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gezi","tag-benjamin-franklin","tag-deniz","tag-gulf-stream","tag-okyanus"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8056"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8056"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9571,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8056\/revisions\/9571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}