Tekelci kapitalizm, Marksist iktisatta, kapitalizmin serbest rekabet d\u00f6nemini izleyen a\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7eyre\u011fine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran serbest rekabet kapitalizminin ard\u0131ndan, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1875\u2019ten ba\u015flayarak geli\u015fmi\u015f sanayi \u00fclkelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kabul edilir. Serbest rekabet\u00e7i piyasa ekonomisinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fu gibi kapitalizmin baz\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerinin de\u011fi\u015fmesini de ifade eder.<\/p>\n
Kapitalist rekabet ve birikimin niteli\u011fi kullan\u0131lan teknolojinin d\u00fczeyine ve ya\u015fayabilirli\u011fi olan bir i\u015fletmenin asgari yat\u0131r\u0131m gereksinimine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Sanayi Devrimi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve geli\u015fme a\u015famalar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle tekstil gibi hafif sanayi dallar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6rece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kurulu\u015f sermayesi gerektiriyor, kapitalist pazar yeni olu\u015furken, her a\u00e7\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131m alan\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte \u015firket var olabiliyordu. Bununla birlikte, Karl Marx<\/strong>\u2019a g\u00f6re uzun d\u00f6nemde birikim s\u00fcrecine y\u00f6n veren, sermayenin merkez\u00eele\u015fme ve yo\u011funla\u015fma e\u011filimleriydi. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131nda baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck firmalar ortadan kalkarken \u00f6b\u00fcrleri bunlar\u0131 yutarak b\u00fcy\u00fcyor ve b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sermayeden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme e\u011filimi g\u00f6steriyordu. B\u00f6ylece ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na rekabet sonucunda, \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck firman\u0131n yerini daha az say\u0131da b\u00fcy\u00fck firma al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Rudolf Hilferding, Rosa Luxemburg<\/strong> ve Lenin<\/strong> gibi kuramc\u0131lar Marx\u2019in bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesini daha ileri noktalara ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin yeni dalgalar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli daha ileri teknolojileri devreye sokmu\u015f, bunlar\u0131n her biri de \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye gereksinimine denk d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Le-nin\u2019e g\u00f6re hem yeni sanayi sermayesi, hem de sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 finanse ederek y\u00fckselen yeni banka sermayesi \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemin sanayi ve banka sermayesinden farkl\u0131yd\u0131. Aynca ikisinin kayna\u015fmas\u0131yla belirli bir mali sermaye (finans kapital) olgusu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar kapitalist s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n devletle ili\u015fkisinde ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 politika sahnesinde de \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm demekti. B\u00fcy\u00fck tr\u00f6st ve karteller aralar\u0131ndaki rekabeti ulusal pazarlardan d\u00fcnya pazar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nyor, mal ihrac\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra artan boyutlarda sermaye ihrac\u0131na giri\u015fiyor, gelecekteki hammadde kaynaklann\u0131 ve pazar olanaklann\u0131 da denetimlerine ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlann\u0131 ba\u015fka yoldan tam g\u00fcvenlik alt\u0131na alamamalar\u0131 durumunda ise h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerini bu alanlar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirmeye zorluyorlard\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Lenin tekelci kapitalizmi emperyalizm \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak ele ald\u0131 (bak. emperyalizm, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik). Aynca tekelci kapitalizmin art\u0131k \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcyen kapitalizm anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve tekelci kontrol\u00fcn \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fimini engelledi\u011fini ve do\u011fan bunal\u0131m\u0131n ancak sosyalist \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerle a\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n Marksist iktisattaki tekelci kapitalizm kuram\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k neo-klasik iktisatta, tekel (monopol), oligopol, tekelci rekabet, eksik rekabet gibi serbest rekabet ideal tipinden uzakla\u015fan piyasa yap\u0131lar\u0131 ayn ayr\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenir. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle b\u00fct\u00fcnsel bir sosyoekonomik ve siyasal yakla\u015f\u0131m de\u011fil, piyasa yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n fiyat ile b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u00fczerindeki etkileri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimsenir. Bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme serbest rekabetin zorunlu olarak yerini ba\u015fka yap\u0131lara b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131 gibi dinamik bir boyutu i\u00e7ermez; ama serbest rekabetten derece derece uzakla\u015fan yap\u0131lar\u0131, kaynak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkinli\u011fi, teknolojik geli\u015fmenin dinamizmi, gelir b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc vb a\u00e7\u0131lardan olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 konular\u0131nda Marksist<\/a> kurama yakla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Tekelci kapitalizm, Marksist iktisatta, kapitalizmin serbest rekabet d\u00f6nemini izleyen a\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7eyre\u011fine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran serbest rekabet kapitalizminin ard\u0131ndan, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1875\u2019ten ba\u015flayarak geli\u015fmi\u015f sanayi \u00fclkelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kabul edilir….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317],"tags":[2959,2161],"class_list":["post-8066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-is-dunyasi","tag-kapitalizm","tag-marksizm"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8066"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8066"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8066\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8067,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8066\/revisions\/8067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}